NACADUBA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
919 
brown, centre of forewing and base of hindwing with a metallic blue lustre; before the distal margin of the 
hindwing a band of dark, proximally light-bordered spots; from the Aru Islands. — In the neighbouring New 
Guinea flies a small, on both surfaces darker form , being above also very much blackened: tristis Rothsch . 
(= illuensis Strd. nec Rob., atrata van Eecke nec Horsj.). — apira Fruhst. (= dobbensis Ribbe nec Rob., illuensis 
Ribbe nec Strd., berenice Pag. nec H.-Sclidff.) is in the male very much like euretes Drc. from the Salomons. 
Above hardly different; but beneath the marking is fainter on a smoky-brown, not blackish-grey ground. The 
transverse lines are faded, yellowish, instead of white, and the submarginal spots not black but greyish-brown. 
The 9 on both wings shows larger blue areas; from New Pomerania. — korene Drc. is from the Salomons and 
Admiralty Islands, it is similar to euretes (p. 920), but the is above decidedly darker blue, beneath the sub- 
marginal spots of the forewings are lighter and not so extensive. •—- vitiensis Btlr. from the Fidji Islands scarcely 
differs from samoensis Drc. from the Samoa Islands. — The species is of a greater or rarer occurrence at the 
various habitats of its enormous range; where a decided rainy season exists, there are also forms of this season; 
in islands with a relatively equable climate such forms are of course not produced. 
N. atrata Horsj. This species has not been consistently comprehended by the different authors and 
sometimes mixed up with forms of perusia, sometimes with those of berenice, until Fruhstorfer by anatomical 
examinations established the following systematical order of the total species. It is distributed from Ceylon 
to New Guinea, but rarer than most of the other Nacaduba. In the typical form occurring in Java, Bali, Lombok 
and the Key Islands it resembles pavana lysa (152 i) above, particularly the 9> but particularly beneath it 
is darker; partly by the deeper ground-colour, partly by the extremely fine and dull light transverse chains 
being very much reduced. — gythion Fruhst. (= atrata-rainy season form Swh.) is larger than Javanese specimens, 
$ with a narrower black distal margin; Assam, very rare. -—- neon Fruhst. (152k) is the Sumatran form; 
above much darker bluish-violet, 9 smaller than Javanese specimens, more broadly margined with black, of a 
darker blue and with a more distinctly defined, but narrower white transcellular stripe of the forewkig. — 
jedja Fruhst. is from Nias; above and beneath lighter than Sumatran specimens; 9 with a more extensive 
white stripe of the forewing beneath. Beneath the subanal eyespot has a larger orange halo than in all the other 
forms of- atrata. — akaba Drc. are specimens from Malacca (Penang) and Borneo; FS from the Kina Balu 
are darker than those from Labuan. — proxima Rothsch. (= atrata van Eecke is the New Guinea form having 
been mentioned 1915 from the Snow Mountains of Dutch New Guinea *). — asakusa Fruhst. from Formosa 
has above duller and darker blue FS than the continental races. — mallicollo Drc. originates from the New 
Hebrids, where, however, the species is said not to be rare. This form represents one of’the extreme branches 
of the species, which most closely approximates the New Guinea form. 
N. perusia Fldr. This species having been quite indistinctly figured from the under surface of the 
F by the author, is on the whole much larger than most of the other Nacaduba and about as deeply and dark 
coloured as the mostly much smaller atrata. More than 20 forms of this species have been distinguished, some 
of which were not denominated at all, others as separate species. The type originates from Amboina, but accor¬ 
ding to Pagenstecher specimens from there vary very much in the expanse (23 to 26 mm). It is at any rate 
doubtful whether all the races stated can be maintained under separate names; some Fruhstorfer only 
,,presumes“; others seem to fly amongst each other at the same habitats (in Buro, for instance, beroe, albo- 
fasciatus , perusia). — therasia Fruhst. (152 k) having an expanse of almost 30 mm is one of the largest races; 
<$ above with a dull dark blue reflection, the light stripes beneath showing through, these stripes beneath distinct 
almost white on a deep brown ground, the whitish-bordered submarginal spots darker brown, but not black, 
the subanal eyespot very large, proximally narrowly margined with orange. The $ is above very much like 
that of N. pactolus hainani (152 i); the blue basal spot of the forewing is still more confined by an extensive 
black bordering than in berenice icena (151 h) from Sumatra. Hindwing almost quite black (as in some forms 
of atrata ), only at the base a faint blue tint. Beneath like in the <$, but in the colouring likewise varying 
somewhat according to the season; the-white stripes never as pure and light as in the folkuting Formosan 
form. — prominens Mr. Ceylon; smaller and the <$ with a darker blue upper surface than continental 
specimens which were denominated euplea Fruhst. and occur from Sikkim to South India; to the east as far 
as Burma. — beroe Fldr. is the form from the Philippines. The blackish-brown marginal spots beneath are 
rather small, proximally intensely bordered with white; the yellow halo of the subanal eyespot is continued 
yet in the direction of the apex of the hindwing. -— nemana Fruhst. from Sumatra and Malacca is in the q 
much darker than Javanese specimens, $ above likewise still more intensely blue. Also beneath duller smoky 
grey, the transverse stripes not so very prominent; the species quite similarly occurs in Borneo. — agorda 
Fruhst. from Java is recognizable by the beautifully light violet <$ and the light blue $9 showing a much narrower 
black distal margin, whereby they also differ from the otherwise similar 99 of the atrata-iovms. ■ — In baweana 
Fruhst. the $ is above darker; the 9 resembles that of atrata, above with a broader black margin than 9? of 
nemana ; at any rate darker than the latter. Beneath the yellow at the subanal eyespot of the hindwing is 
greatly reduced. Bawean. — astapa Fruhst., from the Island of Bali, in the 9 shows the black margin of the 
wings scarcely half as broad as the preceding. The white around the blue area is more extensive than in agorda- 9- 
*) Van Eecke does not state any differences from atrata from other habitats (comp. Neu Guinea, Resultats de 
l’Exp6dition etc. Vol. VIII, Zoologie, Livr. 1, p. 78). 
tristis. 
apira. 
korene. 
vitiensis. 
samoensis. 
atrata.. 
gythion. 
neon. 
jedja. 
akaba. 
proxima. 
asakusa. 
mallicollo. 
perusia. 
therasia. 
prominens. 
euplea. 
beroe. 
nemana. 
agorda.. 
baweana. 
astapa. 
