EVERES. By Dr. A. Seitz. 923 
and are distributed from the Himalaya across India to Ceylon and across Assam and Malacca to Dutch India 
(Java, Bantam). 
24. Genus: Everes Hbn. 
Without counting a single, small American species (E. tulliolus S. <£■ G., Vol. V, p. 819, t. 144 i) which 
may be better placed to the genus Zizera, all the Everes known exhibit such a great harmony in the habitus 
that we cannot for a moment be in doubt where their forms belong to. ,,Huebner created for them the 
separate genus Everes, quite correctly perceiving that they do not belong to the other blue allies; this genus 
ought to be maintained at least for Argiades and its numerous palearctic, Indo-Malayan, and North American 
races, for all of them exhibit, at first sight, peculiar marks in the shape and marking which are absent in the 
Lycaena. And the microscope yields constant differences in the structure of the veins . . (Courvoisier). 
The imagines are mostly recognizable from afar, by their flight, as Everes and very well discernible from the 
closely allied Zizera and Lycaena. They are much more slightly built than even the most delicate Lycaena, 
the thorax is narrower, laterally compressed and not so muscular; abdomen longer, much more ensiformly 
bent, the wings broader, the forewing not so triangular, the apex obtuser, the distal margin more roundish, 
the hindwing larger, particularly in the direction from the base to the middle of the margin longer. They 
differ from the Zizera by the delicate, but never absent small tail of the hindwing, which is also absent in 
every genuine Lycaena. For the rest we refer to what lias been said about this genus in Vol. I, p. 297, and 
Vol. V, p. 818. 
Considering the delicate structure of the body, it is difficult to explain the almost absolutely universal 
range of this genus comprising rather few species. The broad-winged insects evidently have great difficulty 
to fly against the wind, and this is the reason why they are driven over to numerous, partly very remote 
islands. Nevertheless we must admit that they are very well able to gain a firm footing and to maintain them¬ 
selves. On the other hand the constant immigration of old species from the patria cannot be conducive to 
the consolidation of local forms. Even the geographically most remote forms, such as comyntas Godt. in North 
America, jobates Hpffr. vom the Cape of Good Hope, parrhasius F. from Australia, argiades Pall, from Europe, 
and hellotia Men. from China are partly so much alike, that one can hardly establish diagnoses of separate 
species on their differences. 
Besides the role played by the forms in their different habitats is so exactly the same that they can 
only be regarded as ,,vicarious“ species or subspecies, and also the knowledge of the early stages did not yield 
any essential differences. The larvae nearly everywhere live together with ants of their habitat. The double 
ant-organ having been examined for the genus Lycaena*), on the 10th or 11th segment, seems to be quite 
similarly developed also in the larvae of Everes. The imagines are everywhere common except at the frontiers 
of their range, but they do not occur in such great numbers as for instance some species of Zizera, Lycaena, 
or Polyommahis. Their flight is feeble and somewhat darting or flapping and not of a long duration. Larvae, 
as far as they are known, preferably on Papilionaceae. Imagines always sexually dimorphous, frequently 
seasonally dimorphous. 
E. argiades Pall. (Vol. I, t. 78 a). This form apparently does not occur quite typically out side 
of the palearctic region, just as little as its spring-form polysperchon **), whereas already the East Asiatic 
form hellotia Men. (= praxiteles Fldr.) (153 i upper surface, Vol. I, t. 78 a under surface) extends far into the 
Indian region. Generally the Chinese specimens flying to the south of the Yangtsekiang belong to it; but also 
specimens originating from North China from the summer-generation being often double there may approximate 
it very closely, so that they must be already regarded as transitions, whereas the distinct form of northern 
East Asia, amurensis Ruhl, seems no more to touch the Indian region. Whilst hellotia entirely resembles yet 
above the European summer-form, it is beneath of a purer white, with more distinct black dots, and the subanal 
orange spot is expanded into an intense, almost miniate band. Still farther to the south the spring- and summer- 
forms are replaced by such of the rainy and dry seasons. In the form following to the south, parrhasius F. ( 153h ) 
described from Java, but extending to the north as far as Bengal, and in the form dipora Mr. (153 i) being- 
above more monotonous, without the submarginal yellow of the hindwing, and extending still farther to the 
north as far as the palearctic region of Cashmir (= amyntas Koll. nec Schiff.), the colour above is lighter, in the 
a brighter blue, in the $ a more reddish dark brown. The submarginal spots of the hindwing are also above 
situate in a distinct orange-red band. — lactumus Fruhst. (153 h) with its very scantily dark-dotted, almost 
quite uniformly light silvery grey under surface represents a form which presumably corresponds to an extreme 
dry season, whereas polysperchinus Fruhst. (153 h, i) is probably from the rainy season, as it flies similarly 
in Formosa. —- yerta Fruhst. (153 i) is a smaller form beneath finely though distinctly dotted, with a slight 
argiades. 
hellotia. 
parrhasius 
dipora. 
lactumus. 
yerta. 
*) R. Ehrhardt, The myrmecophile organ of Lycaena orion, in: Ber. Naturf.-Ges. Freiburg i. Br., 20, p. XC seq. 
**) polysperchon is not exclusively a spring-form, but it may exceptionally also occur in summer. 
