926 
CHILADES. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
labradus. 
delicata. 
communis. 
•phoebe. 
alsulus. 
caduca. 
delospila. 
trochilus. 
putli. 
laius. 
varunana. 
Z. labradus Godt. (153 cl), described from Australia, represents one of the most imposing species of 
the Zizera. $ with a broad black distal-marginal band of the forewing, but the hindwing with a but narrow 
marginal line, but a broad dark costal area. Beneath between the rows of distinct dark spots on the forewing 
a lighter band continued also on the hindwing, but on the latter the dark spots bordering distally on this band 
are by no means always so deep dark as on our figure. — delicata Tepper presumably only refers to smaller 
specimens of the species, as they are perhaps not uncommon quite to the south of the Australian Continent. 
—- communis Koch is an MS-name labelled on a common specimen presumably originating from Sydney in 
Koch’s Collection, which, however, was a common lysimon from India. — The name ought to be eliminated 
just like pervulgatus Guest. — The name phoebe Murr., however, can be maintained for the somewhat smaller 
form from the Salomons. -— alsulus H.-Schaff. (= lulu Drc. nec Misk., exiles Luc., gracilis Misk., exiloides Luc.) 
was wrongly labelled in the British Museum and therefore united with labradus, but according to Waterhouse 
it is a distinct species. The upper surface in the $ is dark violettish-blue, the margin of the forewing broad dark 
brown, that of the hindwing narrower. Easily discernible from labradus by the under surface exhibiting but 
very faded, often scarcely traceable markings. From Brisbane to Cape York. 
Z. caduca Btlr. is about only half the size of typical labradus and even much smaller than the form 
delicata Tepp. The as well as the $ lighter blue and more suffused with violet ; in the forewing the apical 
part is broader black, the dark marginal band, however, is crossed by a median stripe parting it. Beneath 
almost exactly as labradus. From Erromanga (New Hebrids). 
Z. delospila Waterh. in nearly all its particulars resembles lysimon, but it is at once discernible by 
the forewing beneath where there is beside the small spot near the cell-end another (so-called ,,basal eyespot“) 
in the cell near the base. The species was based upon a single $ originating from North West Australia, the 
type being in the Macleay Museum at Sydney. 
Note: Among the Zizera figured on Frttstorfer’s suggesition there is also anatossa Mob. This is a real African 
species distributed from the Congo across Natal to Madagascar, but which to my knowledge has not yet been found. It is 
therefore likely that Fruhstorfer for the sake of a comparison arranged the figure in this volume and that he intended 
to refer to the figure in his elaboration of the Zizera which he could not carry out any more. 
27. Genus: Clillades Mr. 
The genus, the separation of which from the genuine Lycaena is based upon a slight difference in the 
veins, is not homogeneous; the two species belonging hereto ( laius and trochilus) are presumably only then 
to be •egarded as congeneric, if one also regards the other genera of the genuine Lycaenini, such as Everes, 
Zizera etc. as subordinate groups of the gigantic collective genus Cupido. This, however, thereby loses the 
whole perspicuity, and we therefore allow the genus to remain like Bingham does in his ,,Fauna of British 
India“ (II, p. 365) ,,more for reasons of convenience regarding the marking beneath and the peculiar range 
of the forms than in consideration of structural differences 44 (vein 3 and 4 of the hindwing from the lower cell- 
angle). For the rest we refer to Vol. I, p. 296 to 297, where both the Chilades-species touching the palearctic 
region have been dealt with at large. 
Ch. trochilus Err. (= isophthalma H.-Schdff., parva Murr., gnoma Snell.) (Vol. I, t. 77 k). Beside 
the place quoted the widely distributed species is yet figured in Vol. XIII (74 a), since it is in some places 
of Ethiopian Africa more common than in the Indian region. In Europe it only occurs in the extreme 
south-eastern part, but from there it extends through Egypt, Syria, Anterior Asia to India, to the east across 
the Malayan Archipelago as far as the Philippines and to the south as far as Australia. — The form putli Roll. 
to which the Indian specimens frequently belong, chiefly only differs by a smaller orange spot of the hindwing. 
As to the habits, comp. Vol. I, p. 297. trochilus generally likes dry, sandy plains where it flies quite close at 
the ground, avoiding densely overgrown places. 
Ch. laius Cr. This species, being of a beautiful blue above in both sexes, is very easily recognizable 
by the mark already mentioned in Vol. I, the hindwing beneath showing the ocelli several times joined into 
cordiform or bean-shaped twin spots. This is very evident in the rainy season form varunana Mr., where the 
rather clear bluish-grey ground-colour of the hindwing beneath exhibits these spots very distinctly. Figures 
of this under surface of varunana are to be found in t. 152 b and in Vol. I, t. 78 a by the name of laius. 
This name, however, must, according to Niceville, be left to the dry season form which is at once discernible 
by a dark earth-coloured brown cloud occupying almost the whole anal half of the hindwing beneath and which, 
according to the imago being captured more in the beginning or at the height of the dry season, occurs in 
a variable intensity. This brown shading was the most beautiful in specimens I took in the Island of Hong¬ 
kong, where the rainy season form is very sharply contrasted to that of the dry season, cajus F.. Icandura 
Mr. and brahmina Fldr. are synonyma of the typical form; the figure with Felder distinctly exhibits 
the brown cloud beneath of the dry season form. — The range extends from Beloochistan across Cashmir (where 
