932 
ILERDA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
aditya. 
salustius. 
mani. 
feredayi. 
enysii. 
boldenarum. 
transients. 
lcasyapa. 
zariaspa. 
moorei. 
birmana. 
In the palearctic district in Cashmir, but also in the Indian part of the North-Western Himalaya, in the Naini 
Valley and in the Kumaon Himalaya at altitudes of 5 to 12 000 ft., local, but in some places very common; 
Almorah, at altitudes of 6 to 7 000 ft., June till August. 
Ch. solshi Mr. (Vol. I, t. 76 d) from Turkestan does not occur in the typical form in the Indo-Australian 
region, but in the form aditya Mr. differing from solskyi by its larger size; the black marginal band on the 
forewing above is narrower, particularly at the apex; on the hindwing the dark marginal band is likewise 
narrower and divided by the veins into single spots. Near Bralclo in Baltistan, at an altitude of 11 700 ft., 
taken in July. 
Ch. salustius F. (= edna Dbl.). The common New Zealand copper varies uncommonly both above 
and beneath, but we can scarcely establish geographical races. Above with a coppery lustre; forewing with 
3 black spots in the disc, a postdiscal band of spots and a dark marginal band being in the $ joined to thick 
transverse chains, the distal one of which often shows a violettisk-blue lustre in the centre. In both sexes 
the black-streaked veins form with the transverse bands a dense mesh-work. Beneath the hindwing is 
brownish, towards the margin yellow; the black spots similar as above, but those at the margin duller. — mani 
Fered. are C6 in which the veins above are as thick as in the $ and mostly doubly streaked. — feredayi Huds. 
( = rauparaha Fered.) (162 h) has the transverse bands not so deep black, but still coherent, whereas the upper 
surface of salustius shows the black transverse markings in the broken up into scattered dots. In other 
aberrations the upper surface is almost entirely covered with black by the enlargement of the dark markings; 
such a specimen was taken near Paraparaumu, and another one with almost entirely blackened hindwings 
near Karori. — Larva green with a red line across the dorsum; on Rumex. The imago is nearly everywhere 
common in New Zealand; it flies throughout the summer, from November till February in open districts. 
Ch. enysii Btlr. (162 li as salustius). Here the black predominates above, all the dark markings 
being confluent so that only scanty yellowisli-red spots remain; the latter are paler and of a duller yellow- 
reddish colour than in salustius. Beneath the hindwing shows 3 distinct brown nebulous bands; the apical 
two thirds of the costal-marginal area just as brown. In North-West New Zealand, rather common in the 
Wellington District; to the south found as far as Nelson; in December and January. 
Ch. boldenarum Btlr. (162 h). Whilst the preceding species reminded us of the European Chr. alciphron- 
melibaeus, boldenarum forms a counterpart to amphidamas. Smaller, paler, more scantily dotted, and the C 
with a magnificent violettish-blue reflection across the wings. In the southern island of New Zealand; in the north 
on Lake Taupo and Lake Wairarapa. — Larva green with fine, red, small tubercles across the dorsum and on 
the sides yellow oblique streaks; probably on Donatia novaezealandiae. — The lepidoptera are in some 
places extremely common; they are found in great numbers in open districts and like to rest on the ground, 
keeping their wings closed. 
Ch. caspius Led. (Vol. I, t. 77 f) has not yet been found in the nomenclatural form in the Indian region, 
but its form transiens Stgr. (= susanus Nicer. [Sivinh. i. 1.]) (Vol. I, t. 77 f) is known from Beloocliistan and 
apparently not rare near Quetta and in Gunduk. 
Ch. kasyapa Mr. (162 h and Vol. I, t. 77 e) almost exclusively belongs to the Indo-Australian 
region, but as it was also taken in that part of Cashmir which undoubtedly belongs to the palearctic region, 
the species was subsequently yet dealt with in Vol. I, p. 379 to which we refer here. Above not unlike a large 
pavana (Vol. I, t. 77 c) or the East Asiatic form of phlaeas (daimio , Vol. I, t. 77 b, c), with a bright verdigris 
under surface more recalling that of many a Thestor. Western Himalayan countries, particularly Cashmir, 
in summer, but mostly not common. — ab. zariaspa Mr. is a name for smaller specimens with a broad dark 
distal margin, but smaller discal dots above. According to De Niceville there are numerous transitions 
to typical kasyapa so that it cannot be considered as a local form. 
31. Genus: Ilerrfa Dbl. 
As to the genus consisting of very neat species with mostly lustrous metallic CC comp. Vol. I, p. 277. 
— The chief range is in the Himalayan countries; common to nearly all the species is their chrome-yellow under 
surface with a red distal margin of the wings. Anatomically they are very closely allied to the Chr y soph arms: 
the genital organs of both sexes are, according to Doherty, quite consistent ; nor do the veins show any greater 
differences. 
I. moorei Heir. (— saphir Blch.) (Vol. I, t. 75 f). $ above metallic blue with a black distal margin 
being marked red in the hind wing; $ with a red demi-band behind the cell-end of the forewing, and a red 
sub marginal bossed band in the hind wing. The under surface differs from that of viridipunctata by its dark 
golden yellow tinge. It occurs at the palearctic southern frontier and besides also in the Indian Himalaya 
(Bhutan). — birmana Fruhst. is a large, southern form very much like marica (Vol. I, p. 277, t. 75 f), but 
apparently with less deeply dentated hindwings. 
