936 
APHNAEUS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
latipicta. 
semilimba- 
ta. 
honesta. 
mala y lea. 
(/e. 
lay al lea. 
taga'lina. 
exhibit yet the part of the margin on the hindwing by which they approximate bulls. The typical form flies 
in Java, but it is rare there. Such specimens correspond to the dry season form, they are rather large, the margin 
of all the wings is narrow in the <J, the costal margin in the apical region broader black. — latipicta Fruhst. 
(162 g) is the dry season form of it; the black marginal band at the proximal margin of the hindwing broadly passes 
over into dark shading which extends to the base of the wing. In the $ the discal spots are very large and 
comparatively light ochreous-yellow; that in the hindwing extends at the apex to the costal margin, the 
brown colouring in the anal part of the hindwing is not very dark brown, very much lighter than the basal 
part. — semilimbata Fruhst. (162 g, h, as limbata ) is an intermediate form, probably flying in the beginning 
of the dry season, in East and West Java. Here the distal margin of the hindwing is narrow but distinctly 
black, in the $ the discal spots are more reddish-yellow, not so very light, the distal part of the whig more 
sharply defined and darker brown. — honesta Fruhst. (162 g) is the Malayan form occurring in Malacca, Sumatra 
and Borneo. It flies in some places together with the insularis-iorm sperthis from which it differs by the more 
pointed anal angle of the hindwing and very distinctly by the discal spot of the hindwing reaching, as a small 
light band, the costal margin before the apex, whereas in sperthis it is broadly separated from it by the brown 
ground-colour. Moreover, the discal spots are not so broad as in the Javanese sanatana. — malayica Fldr. 
seems to fly together with the honesta , and it is the name of all those in which the brown basal colouring 
of the hindwing is absent , which in honesta fills up the whole cell of the hindwing. ■— ge Fruhst. (162 e) has much 
broader black distal and costal margins; the forewing and hindwing of the is in the basal and inner-marginal 
parts brownish by dark dusting. The black margin, however, is not so broad as in typical malayica Fldr. from 
Malacca. — tagalica Fldr. (162 b) has very light red (more miniate) in which the costal margin is but narrowly 
bordered with black, the distal margin almost linearly so. tagalica only occurs in the Philippines; FruHstorfer 
already ascertained that the $ figured by Felder to tagalica (= izabella Fruhst.) does not belong to the tagalica- 
<$. — tagalina Fruhst. originates from North Borneo and chiefly differs from the preceding forms bv the 
broader black distal margin of the forewing in the<J and the somewhat smaller yellowish- red discal spotkof 
the — In the habits the forms of this group apparently do not differ from the ihetis-iovms. 
33. Genus: Apluiaeus Hbn. 
syama. 
pongulina. 
ter ana. 
frlgidus. 
latipicta. 
oris sana. 
As to the extremely neat species of this genus being particularly beneath finely marked we refer to 
Vol. I, p. 278. Opinions differ about the genus, since some authors combine with it the species of the genus 
Spindasis Wallgr., whilst others separate the latter having 11 veins on the foreurng from the Aphnaeus 
(showing 12). As to the subcostal system, the 1st subcostal vein is bent up before the centre of the wing and 
is then soon fused with the costal. The 3rd subcostal vein rests with the upper radial on a short fork, 
so that the upper discocellular is absent. The species are distributed across a very great part of Tropical 
India, and proceed with but very few extreme forms into the palearctic region, but with numerous (about 25) 
forms into the Ethiopian region where they occur particularly in South Africa in beautiful and large forms. 
They approximate with some of these African species so much bigaritis acamas Klug (Vol. I, t. 75 i) that this 
species is in fact sometimes reckoned to this genus, sometimes to Aphnaeus or Spindasis resp. In the Indo- 
Australian region they show a distinct centre of the range in the Himalayan countries in the valleys of 
which as far as Ceylon to the south some species are also very common. Very numerous species established 
by Moore, De Niceville and Butler are certainly only local or temporal forms of others, so that all these 
forms can be reduced to but few species on the whole. The imagines prefer to rest on leaves with their 
wings closed, so that their elegant silvery-striped under surface is very conspicuous. 
A. syama Horsj. (156 h). Above the $ is black, the inner-marginal area of the forewing and the discal 
area of the hindwing shows an intense violettish-blue reflection; anal spot scarlet. $ above brown, more or 
less covered with a violet tint which is scarcely yet perceived in much flown specimens. The under surface 
is characteristic in normal specimens, always showing a bone-white ground on which the silvery white stripes 
are edged with black. The type originates from West Java. — pongulina Fruhst. originates from East Java. 
The red subanal spot of the hindwing is less developed, the under surface of a still purer whitish-yellow, all 
the border-lines of the silvery stripes more delicate, the 3 black dots in the basal part of the hindwing smaller 
and therefore more remote from each other. Tengger Mountains, at an altitude of 600 m. — terana Fruhst. 
A from Sumatra and Malacca shows a more reddish ground-colour beneath and the silvery streaks broadly 
edged. The species flies there in some places together with the lohita-ioxm peguanus. ■— frigidus Drc. from 
Borneo shows anomalies 'in the stripes beneath (which are reduced), but the author himself mentions 
specimens exhibiting to the right the stripes differently arranged as to the left, so that the name probably 
means only an aberration. — latipicta Fruhst. (156 h) refers to specimens from Indo-China (Tonkin). 
But the ,,larger size“ stated by Fruhstorfer as difference does not come true in the figured specimen 
designated by himself. Beneath the somewhat more abundant anal red of the hindwing may be the only, 
rather insignificant distinctive mark. — orissana Mr. from Northern India, Assam. Here the stripes 
beneath are bordered more with red-brown like in the lohita-iorms ; the under surface is more dull yellow 
than white. This form extends rather far to the north, proceeding in some places into the palearctic 
