944 
IRAOTA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
large specimen, but according to Frithstorfer it may still be the type of a local race. Burmah, Java, 
Sumatra. 
37. Genus: Iraota Mr. 
This genus structurally differs so much from the other genera of the Arhopala- group that it is difficult 
to understand, how it could be inserted into it by the monographers. The forewing of the 3 has the triangular 
shape of the forewing of Deudorix or Rapala ; of the convex margins of the wings of the Arhopala the $ at 
most exhibits a slight trace. Owing to this fact the flight of the imagines in Iraota is much more energetic, 
faster, almost whizzing, in contrast with the preceding genus and the following genus. The thorax is very 
strong, the hindwing tailed; the larvae are wood-louse shaped, the pupae are bossed on the thorax. The 33 
fly searching along the roads and the outskirts of the forests and then mostly settle down on the same spot 
on their beats; if their favourite flying-places are known (e. g. the cemeteries in Hongkong), one may easily 
capture numerous specimens. According to Niceville, they are generally found near Banana-trees, which 
I am able to corroborate, although this gigantic tree is so common in the tropics that but few good meets are 
known where this tree is not to be found near by. 
timoleon. I. timoleotl Stoll (= nila Koll. nec Dist.) (149 a). The imago has in many districts 2 different forms. 
timoleon is the form of the dry season, from South China, flying quite similarly in the greatest part of the 
Himalaya as far Kashmir and even in its palearetic part, for which reason the species has already been mentioned 
in Yol. I. p. 275 and figured there on pi. 75 c, though a form is figured there in which the abundant white 
maecenas, marking beneath has disappeared, as is the case in the dry season form maecenas A. (161 e). The figure of 
timoleon on pi. 149 a is the copy of a specimen which I captured at the very end of the rainy season, in October, 
so that the beginning dry season may have already had some effect, for specimens of the real rainy season, 
exhibit still more white, particularly a large, dually-lobed silvery spot round the upper cell-wall in the hindwing. 
From this form to such timoleon exhibiting almost no markings at all beneath there occur all kinds of transitions, 
but not everywhere, and in Ceylon, near Bangalore, Calcutta and Bholahat there occur, according to de Niceville, 
only maecenas. The species also varies much locally. Typical timoleon and maecenas — but also all the inter- 
arsaces. mediate forms — fly in China and Northern India. - — In Southern India we find arsaces Fruhst. ; 3 above 
of a much brighter, more lustrous metallic blue, $ entirely suffused with blue. Beneath the white marking 
is less distinct with blurred contours, particularly also the dually-lobed subbasal spot which is more obliterate 
boswelliana. and covered with brown. The anal angle of the hindwing shows more metallic blue scales. — boswelliana Dist., 
from Malacca and Sumatra, is a form of maecenas with a very abundantly white, ochreous, and blue marked 
accius. under surface, and above uni-coloured dark brown $$. — accius Fruhst. (161 e), from Borneo, scarcely differs 
lysippus. from it. Here the 3 above shows a deeper blue, and a greyer (instead of red-brown) colouring beneath. •—- lysippus 
Fruhst ., from Nias, is recognizable by the much larger, posterior (subanal) brown spot of the hindwing, around 
rochana. which the white median band extends in a large bow. — - rochana Horsf. (161 e) nec Mr. is the Java-form, whilst 
aenus. aenus Fruhst. is the dry season form of it. Here the upper surface is lighter metallic blue, the black distal margin 
ottonis. is broader than in North-Indians. Under surface darker red-brown, more profusely black-speckled. — ottonis 
Fruhst ., from Palawan; smaller, beneath marked similarly as boswelliana, but the white marking duller, more 
lazarena. reduced. — lazarena Fldr. (149 a, b) has above not very extensive but nevertheless intensely lustrous blue 
areas; beneath the ground-colour is very dark trunk-coloured brown, not so red-brown as in typical timoleon 
from China. From the Philippine Is. (Mindoro). — Fruhstorfer separates from these specimens such from 
boholica. Bohol : boliolica. in which the $$ are above without any blue and beneath provided with a continuous, not 
johnsonia- interrupted white subcostal stripe of the forewing. — johnsoniana Holl., from Celebes, like the Celebes-races 
na - of other species, is a particularly large form; beneath dark blackish-grey instead of red-brown. The black median 
band of the hindwing is also distally very broadly bordered with white. The white subcostal streak of the 
forewing and the subbasal streak of the hindwing are narrower, but the submarginal band of the forewing 
is more distinct, completer. Typical johnsoniana -$$ show above large blue discal spots; but there are also 
erla. $$ being above quite brown = erla Fruhst. (161 e). — pandara Fruhst., from Siam, differs from boswelliana from 
pandara. Malacca in the neat white marking on the wings beneath, and the red-brown instead of black colouring of the 
median row of dents in the hindwing. The subanal region of the hindwing is narrowly greyish-brown instead 
mangolina. of broadly yellow; the small blue anal spots are obsolete. ■— mangolina Fruhst. has no blue in the basal part 
of the forewing and a darker, more purely white-marked under surface, whereby the form differs from johnsoniana 
from South Celebes. From Sula-Mangoli. — As to the larva and habits of I. timoleon cf. Vol. I, p. 275. 
distant). I. distanti Stgr. ( = nila Dist. nec Koll.) (161 d, as nileia) has the wings shaped as in Arhopala, but 
the colouring and marking of Iraota. The anal part of the hindwing has a more rounded margin; the 
blue above extends much farther towards the margin than in any form of timoleon-, the under surface 
exhibits a bright ruddle-red tinge and all the white spots are small and equably distributed across the 
surface of the wings. It is much smaller than the preceding; 3 39 to 40, $ 41 to 42 mm. Malacca and 
nileia. Sumatra. — nileia Fruhst. (161 d as nila), from Borneo, differs from distanti in the 33 above exhibiting 
