ala xus. 
damn. 
khasia. 
ahsolon. 
zoa. 
para. 
syla. 
ziha. 
birupa. 
icana. 
mandara. 
968 ZEPHYRUS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
flying in America), or only for certain groups of them which (in a similar way as the ,,Cupido lt amongst the 
Lycaenini) are just starting to establish themselves into genera. As this is not the jilace for circumstantial 
argumentations, we keep to the methods in Vol. I and refer the reader to what has been said there (on p. 269). 
Many Indian Zephyrus exhibit yet the metallic lustrous upper surface of the Amblypodia and seem 
to continue this genus, which is mostly tropical, to the north. With but very few exceptions ( ahsolon) all the 
Zephyrus of the Inclo-Australian Region live at its northern frontier and partly pass over to the palearctic 
south. 
Z. ataxus Dbl. & Hew. (<J = Natura Hew.) (Vol. I, pi. 74 a as artaxus) is chiefly palearctic and has 
therefore been dealt with in Vol. I, p. 271. It was mentioned there that from the Indian region are said 
to have a somewhat broader black margin than palearctic ones, but that there is no other essential difference. 
The species probably also occurs in the Indian region chiefly in the cool valleys of Kashmir (Masuri), but also 
there very rarely. Very closely allied to the palearctic sciphirina Stgr., the southern representative of which 
it seems to be. This small form with more bluish-green than golden green is much more common in the 
north (North Japan, Amur, Askold, than ataxus in India. 
Z. duma Hew. In the same way as ataxus corresponds to saphirina, duma corresponds to the palearctic 
smaragdina (Vol. I, p. 270); some authors take it to be merely a geographical form of the latter. The ^ 
is characterized by the glaring golden green which only leaves free a marginal band of 2 mm width. The $ 
is above dark brown with an orange oblique band behind the cell. Sikkim; in some places common. 
Z. khasia Nic. The J is above magnificently golden green with black veins, the distal band broad 
black, whereby it is also very similar to syla (146 B a), but separated from all the other Indian Zephyrus by 
the absence of the small tail on the hindwing. Also the under surface differs from the preceding species and 
from syla. The species was described according to a single <$. 
Z. absolon Hew. (155 a) is the only really tropical Zephyrus *). £ above with a much more confined 
golden green colouring than in the North-Indian species, the green also more covered with black. $ above 
quite similar to our figure of desgodinsi (Vol. I, pi. 74 a), but the orange discal spots are smaller, duller, more 
separated. Beneath recognizable by the broad white postdiscal band. Only Java is known to me as patria, 
where the imago was taken near Sukabumi (at an altitute of 600 m) by Fruhstorfer, and North-Eastern 
Sumatra, where it was, taken by B. Hagen. Hewitson only mentions ,,India“, a useless statement. Rare. 
' • ' 2 <?'■ ce crt\.o cj. . ) JUiA**. . f <g |1_ . 
Z. zoa Nic. This lepidopteron also belongs to the desgodinsi- group and resembles tsangkie (Vol. I. 
pi. 74), though it is larger than the latter; the lacks the lustrous spots above near the base of the small tail. 
It is also somewhat similar to Z. orientalis (Vol. I, pi. 73 g). The green colour above in the <$ is also more intensely 
powdered with dark, and the black marginal band is broader. From Sikkim, but rarer than duma. 
Z. pavo Nic. If de Niceville’s opinion is not due to an error, the £ of this species exhibits the 
exterior of the $$ of the allied Zephyrus, i. e. that of ataxus as we have figured Vol. I, pi. 74 a, pavo differs 
from it in its more abundant violet gloss above extending also over the veins which remain more black in 
ataxus-QQ-, beneath the silvery transverse bands in pavo are more of a violet reflection. Bhutan; Upper Assam. 
Z. syla Koll. (= sila Hew.) (146 B a). $ above bronze-green with a black distal margin and white 
fringe; beneath both wings are silvery white with shortened brown transverse bands. The $ is above dark, 
with a faint violet gloss, behind the cell a white oblique band. In the Himalaya on oak-bushes, mostly not rare; 
it also goes into the palearctic region; cf. Vol. I, p. 269 and 270. 
Z. ziha Heiv. $ very similar to that of syla , distinguished by the white postdiscal band above being 
divided into 2 separate spots situate in a right angle to each other. Kashmir, but near Kulu, presumably hardly 
in the palearctic part of this country; Simla, Masuri. 
Z. birupa Mr. is quite similar to the two preceding species, the above separated from syla-rf by 
a broader and more curved black marginal band; the $ shows above much less blue; in both sexes the under 
surface is quite different from the silvery whitish-green under surface of syla, i. e. light- greyish-brown. Himalaya; 
rarer than syla. 
Z. icana Mr. (Vol. I, pi. 74 c as incana). Easily discernible from all the similar species by the feebler 
dark blue, exhibiting a metallic gloss only in a certain light, on the upper surface of the (which in a certain 
exposure to light has a green reflection), whereby the species already resembles the palearctic Z. quercus. $ 
with 2 bright ochreous-yellow spots behind the cell of the forewing. Western Himalaya; not common. 
Z. mandara Doh. is very similar to icana (Vol. I, pi. 74 c), but the upper surface which is there dark 
blue, in a certain light with a green reflection, exhibits here in the <d> only a dull violet gloss on the basal portion 
of the wing. Under surface more red-tinted than in icana. Kumaon. 
*) A number of some more tropical lepidopt-era were described as ,,Thecla" or ,,Zephyrus", though we are in doubt 
whether they belong to these genera. 
