982 
HORAGA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
haiba. — halba Dist., from Malacca and Sumatra, is above violet instead of blue, the white discal spot also proximally 
encircled with dark, 3% by 2 mm; the under surface is ochreous, the median band in the forewing 2, in the 
corniculum. hindwing hardly more than 1 mm broad. — comiculum Drc. (147 b, c) has a more transverse discal spot, whilst 
in halba it is situate in the direction of the band beneath; the latter band is in the forewing more than twice 
onychina. as broad as in the hindwing; from Borneo. — onychina Stgr. (157 i) has so little black in the forewing 
that the discal spot in the <$, in which it is also more irregularly defined, is entirely situate in the blue area. 
Beneath the form shows a dark hue in the apical third of the forewing, and the median band in the forewing. 
schoutensis. has almost become elliptical. — schoutensis Joic. Talb., from the Scliouten Is., is almost just as large 
as onychina, and the white spot of the forewing is still larger, but the blue of the upper surface is reduced, 
the fore wing only yet showing light blue proximad and below from the discal spot, and in the entirely brownish- 
privigna. grey hindwing only the centre of the disc is yet light bluish. — privigna Fruhst., from Lombok, differs from 
typical onyx in the lighter colour of the wings on both sides and the regular shape of the median band on the 
hindwing beneath; this band is in the forewing club-shaped, beginning only some distance below the costa 
liolothuria. and directly rather broad; — whereas in holothuria Swh., which Fruhstorfer presumes to be a deviation 
paullus. of the Javanese form, this band beneath begins directly at the costa and is very narrow. — paulhis Fruhst., 
decolor, from Bazilan, is very similar to decolor Stgr. from Palawan, but it is larger, above darker blue, the apical 
part of the wing is more extensively black, the discal spot more square, in decolor more oval or band-shaped. 
Under surface greenish-yellow 7 , the apical part with a slight brown hue, the band of the hindwing in the centre 
joloana. interrupted (in decolor narrower). — joloana Fruhst. is similar to paullus, but it has a violettish-blue, not 
bilineata. sky-blue, upper surface; from Jolo. — bilineafa Smpr., from the Philippine Is., shows in the $ above no blue 
colouring at all; the upper surface is dark brown, towards the apex black; the under surface is ash-grey 
zuniga. with a very narrow median band. Mindanao. — zuniga Fruhst. (157 i) is closely allied to corniculum (147 b, c), 
but smaller, above lighter blue but beneath darker more greyish-green, with a larger metallic-greenish subanal 
spot of the hindwing. — Larva brown or grey woodlouse-shaped but somewhat more elongate than most 
of the Lycaenid larvae and distinguished by short brown dorsal protuberances. Besides there are 2 longer 
cones, porrect, on both sides of the thoracal rings and 2 quite similar ones, directed hindward, near the anal 
margin. The larva lives on Coriaria nepalensis; the imago is met with singly on bushes, but in many places 
not rare. 
affinis. H. aff inis Drc. (147 c) may only be an aberrative form of onyx, distinguished by a very great reduction 
of the white spot above. In the figured specimen it is almost absent, in others there are yet more distinct 
artontes. remainders. Under surface as in corniculum. Borneo. — artontes Fruhst. in winch there is an oblong discal 
patch instead of the large white spot of onyx forms a transition to it. Nias. 
ciniata. H. ciniata Hew. (158 a) is much larger than the forms of onyx ; upper surface deep blackish-brown, 
under surface greyish-brown with a more deeply shaded apical area on both wings; before the margin of the 
pcrmagna. hindwing there are thick black dots. South Celebes. —- Fruhstorfer separates from it the still larger perruagna 
camiguina. from North Celebes with a larger white spot above and a broader band beneath. — camiguina Smpr., from 
Mindanao, has above a larger, crescentiform discal spot which is not parted by the black veins; median band 
beneath broader, more irregular, at its anal end with brighter metallic spots. 
maenala. H. maenala Hew. looks beneath almost exactly like ciniata, but the black marginal spots are only 
in the anal portion of the hindwing distinct and large. Above the basal half of the forewlng and almost the 
whole hindwing are light blue. Eeasily recognizable by the forewlng above showing no white discal spot, as 
all the other Horaga do. Borneo. 
anytus. H. anytus Stgr. Above black with a white discal spot of the forewing, beneath brown, likewise with 
a white oval median spot. Separated from the preceding species by the absence of the median band on the 
anara. hindwing beneath, which is replaced by a black, slightly curved postmedian line. From Palawan. anara 
bellula. Fruhst. (157 i) is much smaller than the Palawan form, the white spot is more roundish; from Java. - bellula 
Fruhst. (158 a) has beneath a small, posteriorly feebly widening spot on the forewlng and a deep dark red-brown 
ground-colour; from Sumbawa. 
achaja. H. achaja Fruhst. (158 a). Upper surface of the S black, the proximal portion of the forewing and 
the costal half of the hindwing with a metallic blue reflection, at the cell-end a minute oval white spot which 
only feebly shows through beneath. LTnder surface itself brown, traversed by red-brown double lines. 
The androconial spots at the hind-margin of the fore wing beneath and the corresponding spot at the costa 
of the forewing are strongly developed. Siam. 
viola. H. viola Mr. This species having been dealt with in Vol. I, p. 260, and being allied to onyx, extends 
in the Himalaya to Dharmsala, thus across the palearctic frontier. To the south it extends to the Nilgiri Mts. — 
Larva similar and with the same appendages as that of onyx. 
icfebvrei. H. lefebvrei Fldr. (158 e) differs considerably from the colouring of the other Horaga. Upper surface 
blackish-brown with a very large, proximally lustrous blue spot of the forewlng; beneath the forewing is chestnut- 
brown with a large white triangle resting on the hind-margin; hind wing with white discal spots and a miniate 
osma. very much spotted band from the apex along the distal margin and hind-margin to the base. Luzon. — osma 
