984 
HYPOLYCAENA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
into 4 or 5 spots by the veins. The blue does not extend above so near to the costa and apes as in deliciosa. 
helena. — The same is the case in helena Rob. from the Isle of Bangkai; here the violet gloss also stays far away from 
the apex, and in the $ the orange-red distal band is broadly interrupted. — The species has 3 small tails, 
although in the descriptions there are often only 2 mentioned, particularly the uppermost being often broken off. 
61. Genus: Hypolycaena Fldr. 
This genus is very differently conceived. It comprises quite a number of groups which are evidently 
on the point of forming separate genera; the are mostly far ahead, already developed to very differently 
shaped (not only coloured) forms, whereas the $$ still exhibit an external resemblance by which they are as 
closely allied to each other as for instance our Theda or the species of Rapala from the Himalaya. Beneath 
the different genera, which have been combined by some as Hypolycaena, deviate far from each other, 
without losing the characteristic Theda- marking, i. e. a rather scantily marked under surface with a fine cell-end 
streak and a postmedian transverse stripe; even in entirely unmarked under surfaces we sometimes meet with 
specimens in which we are able to discover traces of this elementary scheme of markings. Moreover, we refer 
to the characterization of the genus in Vol. XIII, p. 381. The genus is also distributed in Africa. 
thecloides. H. thecloides Fldr. (158 b.c). The upper surface has led to this denomination by its external 
resemblance to the colouring of Theda pruni. Both wings are deep sepia-brown, the anal portion of a bright 
red with thick black dots. Under surface white, the marking and the marginal area dark golden yellow, 
so that it becomes very similar to the under surface of Zeltus etolus. The $ entirely resembles the but it 
vardara. has more obtuse forewings. Malacca, Sumatra, Java, Borneo; also in the Nicobars. — vardara Fruhst., from 
extensa. the Isle of Siargao near Borneo, has a larger and more intensely red band on the hindwing. -— extensa Fruhst. 
Under surface of a purer white, and the golden yellow bands in the forewing are getting broader towards the 
philippina. costa. Engano. — In philippina Stgr., from Palawan, the hindwing entirely lacks the yellowish-red anal band, 
and only in similar specimens from the Philippines there is in the anal region a feebly brownish colouring; beneath 
above the one black dot before the small tail another small spot. In the $ above the anal region of the hindwing 
is dingy white. 
nilgirica. H. nilgirica Mr. (146 B b). This very rare species still looks above very much like a Theda) $ and $ 
uni-coloured dark brown; with 2, $ with 4 light rings in the anal region. Under surface of the following 
species somewhat similar, chalky white, with a very fine Theda- marking. The species is very rare; in Ceylon, 
also taken near Coonoor in the Nilgiris by Hampson. 
xthna. H. ithna Hew. (158 c) is very different from nilgirica and makes a somewhat Lycaenid impression, 
at least the £ showing much rounder wings, but otherwise similar to the figured Upper surface light blue, 
the wings broadly margined with black; under surface only scantily marked sub marginally. Philippines; 
very rare. 
erylus. H. erylus Godt. (= erilus Snell.) (146 a <J, 158 c $). Also this species has the exterior of a Thecla 
or rather of Zephyrus. <$ above dark blackish-brown, with a blue reflection which, however, leaves free an 
area behind the cell with different scales. The $ more resembles one of the East Asiatic specias with a golden 
green <§. Beneath both sexes exhibit the usual Theda- marking, but the hindwings have much longer tails, 
also in the <$ in the figure of which this is not distinctly noticeable. Moreover, the species varies geographically 
himavantus. to an extraordinary extent. The type comes from Java. — himavantus Fruhst. (146 a as erylus under surface; 
158 c), from Sikkim, as far as Tonkin and Siam, is larger than Javanese specimens, which is particularly well 
noticeable on the figures on pi. 146 a, where the upper surface is taken from the typical Javanese specimen, 
the under surface (as ,, erylus U“) from a Himalayan specimen (thus himavantus). The slight brightening 
which is very common though not always distinct in Javanese specimens, is invariably absent in himavantus -$. 
andar „na. — andamana Mr. ' with a very broad white subanal region on the hindwing above; beneath the submarginal 
'hax. bands of the hindwings are of a pure white instead of grey. Andamans. — syphax Fruhst. $. Beneath both wings 
are darker than in Javanese specimens; the submarginal white spotting of the hindwing above is more reduced 
(jamatins, than in erylus. — gamatius Fruhst. $ the darkest of all the insular races; hindwing without any brightening; 
thyrius. $ beneath greyish-green. Celebes. — thyrius Fruhst. $ above with a light discal band through the whole forewing 
which is proximally distinctly defined with dark. Hindwing with a narrow, likewise distinctly defined whitish 
pigres. subanal band, as in orsiphantes (158 c). Halmaheira, Batjan. — pigres Fruhst. <$ much smaller and with a 
figulus. darker under surface than the $ of thyrius. Isle of Obi. — f igulus Fruhst. $ similar to that of pigres, but beneath 
blackish-grey. $ in the forewing above with a narrow, indistinct median band covered with grey. Hindwing 
with larger light reddish-brown subanal spots which are absent in all the other forms of erylus. Waigeu. - 
pupienus. pupienus Fruhst. $ with more roundish broader wings; the white area of the hindwing above is powdered with 
tecitus. greyish-brown. Lombok. — teatus Fruhst. is the largest form; wings of $ beneath towards the margin liued with 
tmolu-s. reddish-brown; Borneo. —■ tmolus Fldr. (146 B c). Forewing with a large white discal spot which is large in the $; 
