994 
TICHERRA; BINDAHARA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
a urea. 
panowa. 
volumnia. 
cuprea. 
orpheus. 
aenea. 
eurydice. 
acte. 
idina. 
liviana. 
symira. 
phocides. 
of the dorsum is occupied by a brown saddle-spot. It lives on Xylia dolabriformis and changes in a pupa which 
is at first green, later on yellowish-brown. The latter is smooth, only on the the dorsum of the abdomen there 
are pointed uneven places; the imagines are common in many districts. 
Ch. aurea Drc. (158 f) is shaped like the preceding species, except that the $ shows a large round 
scent-spot in the centre of the forewing, for which reason the genus Bitra Nic. has been established for this 
species. Upper surface in both sexes of a beautiful copper colour, which is pure in the <$, but duller in the $ 
The species is described from Borneo, from where another form was described: panowa Fruhst. (158 g) from 
Sintang, almost exactly below the equator. Above the white band in the anal area of the hindwing is darkened; 
the under surface is quite dull yellowish-grey, not brown, and the white band crossing the hindwing in the 
centre is narrower. — volumnia Fruhst. (158 g) shows above in the $ a more intense metallic gloss, though of 
a somewhat darker tint. This form fiom Malacca is larger than the two Borneo forms. — cuprea Fruhst., from 
Sumatra, on the contrary is smaller than the other forms, in the the white maculae of the hindwing above 
(compared with volumnia) reduced. Under surface blackish-grey instead of brown (aurea) or yellowish-grey 
(panowa). $ similar to that of aurea-Q, but the white spots in the anal area of the hindwing above are quite 
purely white. Mostly not common; in many districts (e. g. Malacca) even very rare. 
Ch. orpheus Fldr. ($ — massiva Hew.) (146 h). Similar to aurea, with a golden red gloss, in the $ 
the veins are in a certain light particularly prominent like stripes. These generally vary little, whereas 
the $$ of Mindanao exhibit quite dark forewings above, and as Luzon-specimens with which they correspond 
must be regarded as typical, the name orpheus would have to be maintained for this form, wdiereas for the 
deviating $$ from Mindoro the name aenea Smpr. (158 g) is to be used. Here the veins of the o do not contrast 
so sharply against the slightly darker underground, and the $ exhibits a very much redder upper surface, 
particularly in the disc of the forewing. — Thereby it greatly approximates the $$ from Palawan, which have 
been separated as eurydice Fruhst. (158 g). They differ besides from typical Luzon-specimens in the lighter 
ground-colour of the internerval areas above in the G and the reduced black colour in the anal area above. 
9 in the disc copper-red, but this colouring is more broadly bordered with brownish and beneath the small 
black transverse hooks in the anal area are more delicate. The species is confined to the Philippines, but there 
it is in some places rather common (Betaan, Sibulan etc.); it flies almost throughout the year; near Manila 
mostly in May and June. 
76. Genus: Tieherra. 
This genus differs from the Hypolycaena in the 4-branched subcostal vein; from Chentra in the longer 
anterior discocellular of the forewing and the more sharply angled anterior median branch which is only slightly 
convex in Cheritra. But 1 species: 
T. acte Mr. ($ 146 g, $ 158 h). Both sexes are above extremely similar to Ch. freja, but they have 
quite a different under surface which is dark tan-coloured, often almost orange or dull golden ochreous. The 
fine, though faint marking is exhibited in our figures. Generally the specimens with an orange under surface 
belong to the rainy season, those with a tan-coloured under surface to the dry season, so that our figure 158 h 
represents the rainy season, that on pi. 146 g the dry season. For the latter form Fruhstorfer introduces 
the name idina. Its range extends from Sikkim to Burma. — In specimens of the dry season from Sumatra 
the anal white of the upper surface is (? always) yellowish; to such specimens the name liviana Fruhst. refers. 
—- symira Hew. only represents a stunted form from the height of the dry season, being above blackish-brown 
with hardly any marking, beneath monotonously tan-coloured; expanse of wings only 25 mm, reported from 
Darjeeling, but presumably from a hotter habitat, and only dated from there like so many Sikkim lepidoptera. 
— Finally, Doherty mentions another aberration taken in Myitta (Tenasserim). in which the white spots in 
the anal area are flown together forming a band (as in freja). 
77. Genus: ISimlnliara Mr. 
The only species described of this genus is widely distributed in India and almost everywhere common 
in its range. Like in Cheritra , the subcostal vein has 4 branches, but the anterior discocellular is shorter, and 
the 1st subcostal branch approaches the costal for some distance, though without anastomosing with it. £ 
with a complicated scent-organ at the place where the forewing touches the hindwing. 
B. phocides. This imago described from ,.Africa“ is not mentioned in our volume 13, because this 
statement of the patria is undoubtedly a mistake; phocides is exclusively Indian, its range extending from 
the Himalaya to the Sunda Archipelago and Australia. — phocides F. (158 h) presumably originates from India, 
where the species is distributed from Sikkim to Bhutan, extending further to the Andamans and parts of Incio- 
China as far as Borneo and Nias. The specimens figured are from Borneo. $ above with a broad blue marginal 
