ZESIUS; JALMENUS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
997 
80. Genus: Zesius Hbn. 
This genus connects the Theclini with a 3-branched and 4-branched subcostal vein by the A<^ having 4, 
the $$ only 3 subcosral branches. The hindwing also shows a sexual difference in the $ having 3, the A only 
2 small tails. (On our figure of the upper surface the uppermost tails have been omitted, because they were 
broken off in the original insect.) Only 1 species with a red A and blue $ is known. 
Z. chrysomallus Hbn. (146 d). Upper surface in the A light brown with an intense light copper-red chrysomal- 
gloss, $ whitish-grey with a light bluish reflection and a broad dark margin of the forewing. Under surface 
dull white with light brown markings. — Young larva violettish-brovn, adult larva green with small reddish 
tubercles being in front stronger, and a yellow lateral stripe. The larva lives on Terminalia tomentosa and 
paniculata, as well as on Xylia dolabriformis, and is so predatory that it attacks fresh larvae and pupae even 
if it has plenty of leaves to feed on. It is mostly surrounded by ants. Pupae dark green, very difficult to recognize. 
The imagines flying in India and Ceylon are common in low districts; they prefer resting on cinnamon and 
laurel trees and on being chased up they fly swiftly away,’but mostly only a few yards, in order to settle 
down again. — The as our figure of the under surface shows, has 3 small tails in the hindwing, the A only 
2, but the uppermost is mostly found to be broken off. 
81. Genus: •E.niiiiemas Hbn. 
This Australian genus contains some very graceful and agile species with an exterior very similar to 
the Deudorix, but not exhibiting an anal lobe on the hindwing, wherefore they resemble more the Carnena 
and Tajuria in the shape of the wings. Tie attempt of using the costal system of the forewing for the characteri¬ 
zation, winch has often failed in the Theclini. has also led here to a complete failure, since the two undoubtedly 
homogeneous species would have to be separated, for which reason the genus Protialmenus Wat. <T Ly. 
(with a twice forked and 3rd subcostal branch) w r as established for ictinus, whereas the typical species of Jalmenus 
(evagoras ) exhibits this branch only once forked. But it is just the authors of this separation who admit that 
among a great number of evagoras they could also ascertain 1 specimen with a twice bifurcated vein 7, and 
the same in the species J. daemeli. — The larvae of Jalmenus live freely and gregariously on the food-plant 
and are visited by ants, like the pupae. 
P. evagoras Hbn. (160 a) is at once recognizable by the bright light bluish-green gloss of the proximal evagoras. 
portion in both wings, being sharply defined against the broad black margin, and by the anal portion of the 
hindwing being very variegatedly spotted red, blue, and whitish. Also beneath the black postmedian band 
and a number of jet-black spots are very distinctly prominent on the bluish-white ground-colour being feebly 
tinted with yellowish-green. In much flown specimens the broad margin on the wings above is less deep black, 
and also the punctiform spots beneath may be more chestnut-coloured. - eu'oulus Misk. has above a narrower eubulus. 
black margin, and the punctiform spots beneath are only traceable; it presumably represents the species to 
the north of Brisbane (Duaringa). - eichhorni Stgr. (160 a) is a small form from North Queensland, in which eichhorni. 
the marginal black of the upper surface show's bluish brightenings, whilst beneath another blackish stripe 
appears in the marginal area. Cooktown; it may be the form of another generation, because it is stated that 
this form also occurs sometimes in the south. Larva short and broad, hunched, green, living gregariously on 
Acacia decurrens, dealbata, and melanoxylon. They are so very attractive for the ants that they are often 
surrounded by swarms of them. They live together in small troops, but for the pupation they gather in such 
great multitudes, that the pupae are hanging together in bundles like the berries of a grape. — The species 
is common in South Australia and seems to be particularly at home in New South Wales, where 1 took 
the species in November near Narrabeen not far from Sydney. Also known from Victoria (Gisborne) and in 
Southern Queensland. 
P. daemeli Smpr. is very closely allied to evagoras, distinguished by the proximal part, the bluish- daemeli. 
green colour, not being so distinctly defined against the black margin. Beneath the spotting is much fainter, 
not dark, and the arcuate stripes are often several times torn or entirely broken up into small spots. In Queens¬ 
land (Cairns, Rockhampton). Not rare. 
P. ictinus Hew. (160 a) is likewise very closely allied to the preceding ones, but the red in the anal ictinus. 
region of the hindwing is paler, the spotting beneath much finer, but differently developed; the black anal spots 
are very much larger. Although this species is very similar to daemeli, yet its larva is guarded by another specie* 
of ants. Queensland. 
P. icilius Hew. is similar to ictinus, but smaller, hardly attaining the size of a small eichhorni, but icilius. 
separated from it by the reduction of the metallic green area of the upper surface and the very hazy marking 
