cyrhestica. 
micans. 
betuloides. 
hades. 
selira. 
varuna. 
lazulina. 
chozeba. 
orseis. 
anibasa. 
sag at a. 
arima. 
saha. 
zulkarna. 
olivia. 
nada. 
phrangida. 
phranga. 
batilma. 
formosana. 
1004 RAPALA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
also sometimes shows traces of another similar light-edged band extending across the cell-end of the 
hindwing. 
R. cyrhestica Fruhst. (146 d. 160 h) is a very large species, the $ with a but very faint violet reflection 
on the otherwise blackish-brown upper surface; the anal lobe is somewhat red-centred but not so bright as 
on our figure of the upper surface pi. 160 h. The under surface is somewhat similar to the European Zeph. 
betulae ; the postmedian stripe in the hindwing extends quite straight from behind the centre of the hind-margin 
to the subanal spot. South China. 
R. micans Brtm. The type of this palearctic species presumably does not occur far beyond the palearctic 
southern frontier. Like in the preceding species there occur frequently specimens with red spots on the forewing 
(and hindwing): betuloides Btlr. (Vol. I. pi. 72 a) of which we figure here the under surface (160 g). In the 
north of the range (in Shantung) the lepidopteron is not rare. 
R. hades Nic., like the following species ranged in the (untenable) genus Hysudra, in shape and 
size resembles micans, but above it is much lighter, more dark yellowish-brown, and on the under surface the 
transverse stripes are not straight; the stripe in the forewing is slightly curved and that in the hindwing 
interrupted on the veins, so that the single links of this chain are somewhat loosened. The transverse stripe 
is also somewhat nearer to the margin and there is no second stripe in the marginal area. Tenasserim. 
R. selira Mr. (Vol. I, p. 72 b), treated as Hysudra in Vol. I, crosses the palearctic frontier in Cashmir 
and also penetrates into the Indian region. Cf. Vol. I. p. 259. 
R. varuna Hsj. (146 a). Above dark blackish-grey with a rather dull bluish reflection gradually 
disappearing towards the costal margin and distal margin. The earth-grey under surface only shows a feeble 
marking; a straight postmedian stripe behind the small stripe at the cell-end, and an arcuate band through 
the hindwing being rather irregular in the type. The figure of the under surface of the type is very distinctly 
shown in our figure 160 e; this form seems to occur exclusively in Java. — lazulina Mr. (146 d, e) with a more 
intense violettish-blue reflection occurs in Ceylon (but presumably still farther as an aberration). — chozeba 
Hew. (146 e) has the (more pointed) shape of the wings of lazulina, but the dull colouring of varuna. — orseis 
Hew. Of this form the author mentions as the only distinction a violet reflection beneath, whereas the bright 
gloss of the upper surface of the otherwise similar lazulina is absent here. Thus this form is not only widely 
distributed on the continent, but also common in the Andamans and found in the Nicobars. Fruhstorfer. 
however, confines the name to the habitat of the type -—- Sumatra. Piepers takes orseis to be another species 
particularly distinguished by a straighter course of the arcuate stripe on the hindwing beneath. ambasa 
Fruhst. (160 f) has a beautiful nut-brown under surface, with distinct, rather straight transverse stripes bordered 
with white; the variegated spots in the anal region of the hindwing are more distinct. Nias. — sagata Fruhst. 
(146 c as sagara) is a larger form, the black marginal portion of the upper surface is broader, the rest of the 
wings darker bluish-grey, almost without any lighter parts. Under surface darker grey. Bawean. — arima 
Fruhst. has above darker $$, but lighter <$<$ than varuna ; the under surface is more homogeneously grey, without 
sharply defined and at the same time narrower longitudinal bands of both wings. Hindwing beneath similar 
to sagata. Lombok, Sumbawa. — saha Fruhst. Above almost black with a steel-blue reflection, beneath greyish- 
black with indistinctly defined transverse bands. Borneo. — zulkarna Fruhst. (160 f) shows the transverse bands 
beneath proximally bordered with a broad dark colour, in some places almost double. The type originates 
from Java and is presumably an extreme season form or aberrative form. — In Olivia Drc., with more pointed 
wings than varuna, the whole apical portion of the forewing is blackish-brow n without any gloss, the base of the 
hindwing and the hindwing as far as the hindmarginal portion of a beautiful lustrous bluisli-grey. In the hindw ing 
the transverse band is rather irregular, the spots in the anal area are large, round, with a distinct yellow halo, 
and between them a bluish-green lustrous spot. Celebes. — In nada Fruhst. the upper surface is somewhat 
lighter blue than in saha , beneath blackish without the purple reflection of saha ; the anal spots are larger with 
a more distinct orange margin of the spot before the base of the small tail, and prominent white lines. Pala¬ 
wan. phrangida Fruhst. (= phranga Smpr. nec Hew.) has beneath a brighter white edge of the transverse 
bands, and in the hindwing the arcuate band of the hindwing is less regular, the part behind the cell being 
slightly removed towards the margin. - phranga Hew. (160 f) has a nut-brown under surface, on which above 
the white border-lines of the transverse bands are not so very prominent as in phrangida; the lower end of the 
transverse band of the forewing is much more remote from the hind-margin than in formosana. Batjan, Obi. 
batilma Fruhst. (160 f) shows above an unmistakably greenish-tinted colouring being otherwise rather intensely 
lustrous blue. The longitudinal band of the forewing beneath exhibits but indistinct border-lines, whereas 
in the hindw ing they are distinct white. Otherwise the colour beneath is here darker than in phranga, the black 
spots in the anal region are larger. Tenimber. - formosana Fruhst. (160 f) is similar to nada, the $ is darker 
than varuna and sagata, with a steel-blue shade without any admixture ot violet. Under surface similar 
to phrangida with still broader and more distinctly defined longitudinal bands which are almost just as dark, 
though not quite so broad as those of the Australian simsoni (160 f). Formosa. — The larva (of orseis) is pale 
greenish ochreous-yellow or brownish-grey, the adult larva with oblique brown spots on the protuberances, 
