1036 
CELAENORRHINUS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
which is indented at the vertex. The imagines exhibit habits similar to those of the European Thanaos tages 
and also lihe to settle down at open spaces in the woods and on broad roads with their wings flatly spread out. 
leucocera. C. leucocera Roll. (= munda Mr., leucocirca Elw.) (163 g). This species being chiefly Indian was 
described from the partly palearctic Cashmir and dealt with at large in Vol. I, p. 333. Easily recognisable by 
puira. the antennae being purely white above. From Sikkim and Central China to Tonkin and Annam. — putra Mr. 
(164a) shows the yellow dots of the hindwing only beneath and duller than in typical leucocera from Java; 
sivnda. common on the Volcano of Gedeh, at an altitude of 4000 ft. — Simula Hew. is a Sumatran form, regarded as 
a distinct species, but connected with leucocera by the following forms which were sometimes ranged with Simula 
angustipen- and sometimes with leucocera : — an&ustipennis Elw., particularly recognisable by the long, straight costal margin 
ms. (characterising also the following form) which has caused its denomination. The spot below the cell-end is 
at least l 1 /, times as high as it is broad, its proximal and distal borders being straight; confined to Western Java, 
brahmapu- though Piepers and Snellen do not mention it in their ,,Rhopalocera of Java“. — brahmaputra Elw. (164 a 
tra ' as bramaputra) is undoubtedly very closely allied to Simula', it has the long pointed forewing of angustipennis, 
but it lacks the 2 isolated extremely fine spots in the continuation of the preapical row of dots. From Borneo; 
binotatus. the figured specimens are from the Kina-balu. — binotalus Fruhst., from Eastern Java, may only be an individual 
aberration; it differs from West-Javanese specimens in brighter yellow and larger discal spots on the hindwing 
above and particularly in the presence of two white hyaline spots instead of one in the anal angle of the 
forewing. — The species is common in most of the places of its range; mostly met with near pools on sunny 
highroads. 
maculicor- C. maculicornis Elw. (164 a) is very similar to certain forms of leucocera, but at once discernible by 
•7r<n4i«s' antennal shaft not being uniformly white but dotted dark. Typical specimens from Assam. — vitruvius 
formosanus. Fruhst. is a smaller form from Siam with a lighter ground-colour. — formosanus Fruhst., from Formosa, is still 
smaller than the Siam-race, the hyaline subapical spots of the forewing are smaller, the yellow spots on the 
hindwing above also smaller, but more distinct, recalling those of ^ewcocera-specimens from Assam. Ground¬ 
colour darker, hindwing covered with more intensely green hair. Beneath more intensely strewn with dark 
pic per si. brown. — piepersi Fruhst., from Western Java, resembles orbiferus (164 b), but the subapical dots of the fore wing 
are larger, the white oblique band is narrower and more divided into isolated spots. Beneath the spots in the 
anal angle of the forewing are narrower, more distinctly defined, hindwing with feebler traces of the yellowish- 
green distal macula. 
pern. C. pero Nic. (164 a) has a partly white antennal shaft, but the margin of the hindwing is centrally 
convex; the whitish discal spots of the forewing as well as the subapical ones are well developed, the spots on 
the hindwing above rather indistinct, but large. Chiefly distinguished from leucocera by the antennae being 
neither uniformly white above, besides by yellow, unspeckled fringes of the hindwings, and an apparently 
constant small yellow spot above the hind-margin of the forewing. Naga Hills. 
C. consanguinea Leech (Vol. I, pi. 84 d) probably does not occur in typical specimens in the Indo- 
Australian Region, except at its northernmost frontier at most. In Formosa, however, a Celaenorrhinus occurs, 
ratna. which Fruhstorfer denominated ratna and formerly united with the allied sumitra (Vol. I, pi. 84 d). It differs 
from it in the white cellular spot being broader towards the costa, the larger white square spot between the 
upper median branches of the fore wing and the much smaller yellow dots of the hindwing. 
sumitra. C. sumitra Mr. (= pyrrha Nic., patula Nic., plagifera Nic.) (Vol. I, pi. 84 d), from which the palearctic 
specimens were separated as pluscula Leech without constant marks of distinction, occurs in Sikkim and the 
chinensis. Naga Hills. Cf. Vol. I. p. 333. — chinensis Sivh., from Omeishan, is nothing else but one of the numerous aber¬ 
rations of sumitra', somewhat more intensely coloured than our figure of sumitra, otherwise similar to it. 
pulomaya. C. pulomaya Mr. (Vol. I, pi. 84 c), the palearctic form of which was separated as lucifera Leech 
(Vol. I, p. 333), flies in typical specimens in the Indo-Australian Region in the Himalaya and Naga Hills. 
aspersa. C. aspersa Leech (= clitus Nic.) (Vol. I, pi. 84 d) flies in West China and besides in the Naga Hills 
(Bernardmyo), thus also in the Indo-Australian Region. Cf. Vol. I, p. 333. 
ambareesa. C. ambareesa Mr. (164 a). This species distantly resembles the exterior of Cel. fritzgartneri Bail. 
(Vol. V, pi. 173 h) known from Tropical America, the peculiar Hesperid species sitting on the top stones in 
tunnels and mountain-caves, flying furiously about on being chased up, but mostly not leaving the cave. In 
contrast with this behaviour, I took ambareesa in the morning in the sunshine, on wet places of roads, in the 
Nilghiri Mts. and at the foot of these mountains near Metupalagan. It is allied to the palearctic maculosa (Vol. I, 
pi. 84 c), the forewing being spotted as in the latter species, but the hindwing with much smaller and paler, 
yellowish-grey spots, with faded discal spots, and the whole wings finely powdered with greyish-yellow. In 
the Nilghiris and besides in the Western Ghats, from Mahableshwar to Goa. 
