GOMALIA; CARCHARODUS; HASORA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
1047 
upon which they always alight, exactly like the palearctic malvae, after a short flight, with their wings half 
opened. — Larva green, with fine transverse striations, the dark brown head covered with short hair, the neck 
marked orange and black; pupa with a greenish-white hue. — Widely distributed in India, and in some places 
very common; from South Arabia through South Beloochistan and India to Burmah; it prefers particularly 
dry districts. 
26. Genus: Oomalia Mr. 
This genus is very closely allied to the preceding genus, but it has a different habitus, and the antennal 
club is more slender and straight. The $ shows a costal fold on the fore wing. The nearest ally, the African 
species elma Trim, which is figured on pi. 75 d of Vol. XIII, forms a transition to the genus Car char odus to 
which it was already reckoned there. 
G. albofasciata Mr. ( = httoralis Swh.) (165 i) has the size and shape of the preceding species, but albofascia 
the numerous small white spots being scattered over the disc in Hesp. galba are very much reduced here. In 
the hindwing the cliscal spots are almost entirely absent, and instead of the antemarginal chain of white dots 
there is only a light stripe in the ground-colour. Fringes of both wings uniformly light grey, not speckled as 
in H. galba. From Beloochistan through India to Ceylon; apparently local. 
27. Genus: Carcharodns Hbn. 
Of this genus (vid. Vol. 1, p. 335) but 2 forms occur at the frontiers of the Indo-Australian Region, 
having been united with alceae by Elwes and Edwards. . 
C. alceae Esp. seems not to occur typically in India, but in a dark form (drawira Mr.) in the Western alceae. 
Himalaya, and in a light form from the deserts of Beloochistan —- swiilhoei Wats. Anatomically the two forms, 
according to Elwes and Edwards, do not differ from the type more than European alceae differ from each 
other; but Mabille thinks to have found a difference in the absence of the hair-pencil on the forewing beneath 
of swinhoei, since this hair-tuft is said to occur in draivira. 
II. Subfamily: Ismeninae. 
Whereas the subfamily of the Hesperiinae generally consists of diurnal lepidoptera bound to the sunshine, 
this group chiefly contains insects flying at night. During the day they are at rest in thickets out of which 
they may be scared by beating. They are particularly chased out of the dense foliage of impenetrable bamboo- 
walls out of which they rush forth, on being disquieted, in a rumbling flight. Then they mostly alight again 
after a short distance in the brushwood, where they take refuge, hiding under leaves till after sunset, when 
they often come flying to the lantern. Whereas in many species of the preceding subfamily the wing are held 
almost as in Geometrids (being flatly stretched out), those of the Ismeninae are always held like those of butter¬ 
flies: erect over the thorax. Otherwise the structure has often changed like that of Heterocera ; particularly 
the thorax has become very stout and the abdomen of the $$ clumsy; the legs are short and densely clothed 
with hair which also cover the basal portions of the wings; the antennae are rather short, the wings broad, 
the hindwing is rounded, in the anal portion often lobate. The under surface, in accordance with the hidden 
life in daytime, is adapted to the surroundings, frequently leaf-green or yellowish-brown, and mostly without 
glaring markings, the fore wing either with quite scanty hyaline spots or without them. — The larvae, as 
far as they are known, are very variegated, zebra-like striped, or with transverse spots in certain intervals, 
in the interspaces of the markings besides provided with linear or guttiform markings. They were found on 
various plants, such as Horsfieldia, Combretum, Meliosma, Pongamia, Milletia. They live almost freely, leaving 
their cases half or still farther; in feeding they always stretch forth the frequently very peculiarly marked head. 
The pupae are also generally very peculiarly coloured, milky white or whitish-grey with small black dots and 
streaks. The group contains beside some few single species only 3 rather large genera: Hasora and Ismene (Indo- 
Australian) and Rhopalocampta (African). 
1. Genus : H asora Mr. 
Fore wing rather pointed, hindwing often slightly lobately produced in the anal angle. Antennae short, 
the pointed club turned down in a semicircle. The cell of the forewing does not attain two thirds of the length 
of the costa. Vein 5 nearer to 6 than to 4. Vein 12 reaches the costa almost opposite the cell-angle. The upper 
discocellular is small, the middle and lower discocellulars obliquely proximad. On the hindwing the cross- 
