TARACTROCERA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
1075 
T. ardonia Hew. is probably the representative of danna in Borneo and little different from it, but ardonia. 
we cannot say anything about it, as the species is not at hand. 
T. ceramas I lew. (170 f). Ground-colour of the wings predominantly dark brown, so that the yellow ceramets. 
colour above only occurs in very scanty small splashes and dots. The dark brown colour also predominates 
beneath. India, more in alpine districts. 
T. iiicevillei Wts. (170 f). The small yellow spots are quite similarly arranged as in ceramas, but nicevillei. 
considerably larger. According to Edwards, also the structure of the genitals is very similar to that in ceramas, 
though no specimens are known forming a transition to each other. Bombay. 
T. oberthiiri Elw., from Tritchina-Pali in India, already looks exactly like a ziclea with somewhat less oberthiiri. 
yellow. Described from a single $ in the Coll. Oberthur. 
T. ziclea Plotz ( 170 f) looks exactly like Padr. dara ( Vol. I, pi. 89 g) for which it was also often mistaken, ziclea. 
It is difficult to ascertain whether it is quite identical with maesoides Stgr., since there are always small differences 
to be discovered. The small yellow spots even vary quite considerably in specimens from the same Philippine island 
in Semper’s collection; Elwes and Edwards, by reason of specimens communicated to them, consider both 
to be identical. — In luzonensis Mob. ( 170 f) which I figure from Eastern Mindanao, the black colour is (particularly luzonensis. 
beneath) decidedly more coated with yellowish-brown, but above all the contours of the wings are different, 
since the hindwing of ziclea exhibits a decidedly more elongate anal portion. Moreover, luzonensis exhibits 
in the submedian area of the forewing a bright golden yellow, silky lustrous basal part on the black ground, 
which is only feebly indicated in ziclea in Plotz’ figure, and in my specimens almost entirely absent, ziclea 
is mentioned only from the Philippines by Semper and Elwes, but according to Frtjhstorfer it als occurs 
in Palawan. — In Burma the species is represented by the form samadha Fruhst. which, judged from a single 9; samadha. 
is said to be much smaller. — According to Frtjhstorfer, ziclea also occurs in Java (— ikramana Fruhst.), ikramana. 
but it was probably taken to be dara and therefore not yet mentioned from there; it is above* darker 
ochreous than typical ziclea from the Philippines and Palawan, beneath deeper black, the ochreous bands more 
prominent. The yellow subbasal dot on the hindwing above is absent in Javanese 9$; S P a l e straw-coloured. 
tissara Fruhst., from Sumatra (Padang-Pandjang), differs from Javanese specimens in the ochreous cellular tissara. 
spot being proximally deeply notched and indented by the basal black of the cell of the forewing; beneath 
darker than ikramana, the median band of the hindwing distally broader margined with black. — udraka udraka. 
Fruhst. is a name for New Guinea specimens resembling samadha, but exhibiting on the forewing above more 
yellow, but in the hindwing no small spot in the basal area; hindwing beneath quite dark yellow, only the 
median band finely bordered with black. — The lepidoptera are certainly not rare, but probably difficult to 
recognise, where they fly together with dara *). 
T. archias Fldr. (170 f, g) is easily discernible from ziclea by the yellow colour above being more archias. 
coherent in the and thereby often piercing the black marking; the yellow band in the centre of the hindwing 
is, particularly beneath, in archias more transverse, in ziclea steeper. The marginal areas in both wings are 
in archias beneath more intensely tinted yellow. This is even the case in the Javanese form which Eruhstorfer 
denominates in accordance with Snellen nigrolimbata (170 g), owing to its increased black colour. Similar nigrolim- 
specimens are reported from Lombok, Bali, Sumbawa, Celebes, and Tenasserim. — godliania Fruhst., from 
Sumba, are smaller, lighter yellow, the margins of the wings narrower, proximad more finely parted. — kisaga ki sa ga. 
Fruhst., from Lombok, has broader black bands in all the wings, and the round yellow spot in the basal area 
of the hindwing above is absent. — antalcidas Fldr. (170 g), according to Fruhstorfer, represents the antalddas. 
species in Celebes, but it looks quite different by the entirely yellow hindwings being narrowly margined with 
dark and by the discal area of the forewing not being pierced by black, and it presumably belongs rather to 
another species; this is the more probable since Fruhstorfer collected near Maros in Celebes a small form 
being closely allied with godhania. — Larva light green, later on turning yellow, behind the head marked with 
a few dark transverse streaks. Head yellowish brown, dotted and margined with black. Pupa light yellowish- 
green, the case of the proboscis projects a little beyond the wing-cases. On Paspalum conjugatum, between 
contracted blades. Imagines common in sunny places. 
T. myconius Plotz (170 g) is intermediate between archias and antalcidas, since the yellow colour myconius. 
above in the forewing is light, pure, and abundant, but the hindwing above exhibits beside the median band only 
a very small subbasal ring-spot. From Java. 
T. toavius Mob., from Timor, is not before me. bavins. 
T. sudodana Fruhst. is allied to bavins; forewing similar to Telic. yojana with an entirely ochreous cell sudodana. 
without any basal black; the yellow median band bifurcates in front, as in ziclea (170f). Hindwing as in archias, 
in the basal black the yellow spot, the median band relatively broad and uniform. Beneath the forewing shows 
a black median band and antemarginal band, and a pale yellow apex. Hindwing light yellow, the median band 
showing through from above is distinctly defined. Sumba. 
*) Swinhoe‘s figure of Plotz’ figure of ziclea is by no means exact; Plotz’ figure corresponds much more exactly 
to the Philippinic specimens figured by us here than to the figure in the Transact. Ent. Soc. 1908. 
