GEGENES; PARNARA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
1083 
42. Genus: Gegenes Hbn. 
This almost monotypical genus differs from the otherwise very closely allied Parnara in the peculiarly 
shortened antennae in the same way as the American genus Hylephila does from its neotropical and nearctic 
allies. Cf. Vol. I, p. 349. 
G. nostrodanius F. (= pygmaeus Hbn.) (Vol. I, pi. 88 e, where, however, only the <§ and the under nostroda- 
surface are correctly reproduced). The typical form does not occur in the Indo-Australian Region, but its mh 
Indian form karsana Mr. occurs in a great part of the western Himalaya and from there to the south as far karsana. 
as Quetta in Beloochistan. From the palearctic form, karsana differs only in its somewhat larger size and a 
brighter colouring beneath. The larva lives on rice; the imagines fly rather singly at the roadsides where they 
eagerly visit blossoms and preferably alight on the bare soil or on rubble-stones. 
43. Genus: Parnara Mr. 
This genus (cf. Vol. I, p. 349) has been repeatedly divided, but to-day the different groups are regarded 
as subordinate genera at most. The confusion caused in the yellow Hesperids ( Padraona, Telicota, Taractrocera) 
by the method of founding genera on the $ marks, may also have given rise to the modern conception that 
species without a stigma ( Parnara s. s.) are to be united with those exhibiting a stigma of the forewing (Chapra 
Mr.) and those with a scent-pencil and friction-area on the hindwing (Baoris Mr.), as well as with the Caltoris 
Swh. which group probably coincides with Poly trends Mab. - 
P. Philippine. This lepidopteron is unicoloured dark brown, above the Jj only shows 2 small white dots 
below the posterior half of the cell, often also a third above the hind-margin; beneath in the <$ and on both 
sides in the $ the spots are larger and augmented into a chain from the costal margin to the hind-margin. — 
In the form being the most frequently found in collections, seriata Mr., from Ceylon and India, these dots are seriata. 
diminutive. — In subfenestrata Bob., from the Key Is., probably also from the Bismarck Archipelago, they subfenesira- 
hardly differ from larika Pag. from Amboina, in which the spots of the forewing are sometimes also augmented ta - 
on the forewing above, though all of them are extremely fine. — philippina H.-Schaff. (172 f) is the easternmost h p]iUippi na 
form from Palawan and the Philippines. — The larva is green with a dark-dotted head and presumably lives 
on bamboo, rice, or sugar-cane, perhaps also on palms. The imago is common at most of the habitats of its 
range. 
P. guttatus. This lepidopteron having already been dealt with in Vol. I (p. 350) apparently does not guttatus. 
vary essentially in the palearctic Eastern Asia. I often took on one day several dozens all of which exhibited 
the same small spots on the hindwing, and I could not even discover any decisive difference of the Chinese 
form (fortunei Fldr. Vol. I, pi. 88 g, h as guttatus) from the Japanese form (guttata Brem.). In contrast with fortunei. 
this fact, Elwes and Edwards report to have obtained Parnara from India with even entirely spotless hindwings, (P-dlata. 
which by the examination of the genitals undoubtedly jrroved to be genuine guttatus. If this be the case, it will be 
difficult to define corsjuncta H.-Schaff. (= javana Mab.) (172 f, g) and assamensis Ik. Mas. & Nic. from guttatus. conjuncta. 
The Javanese conjuncta, as the figure shows, is a rather large form with 2 distinct white transverse dots before assamen ~ 
the cell-end and so finely dotted hindwings that in much flown specimens these dots, one of which is in the 
cell and 3 more in the radial cells, are no more visible at all. — alice Plotz ( 172 g), from Mergui and the Philippines, cilice. 
which may be identical with assamensis, on the contrary shows very large spots, particularly beneath; 
assamensis was not only taken in Assam, but also in the western Himalaya and besides in Tonkin. — narooa narooa. 
Mr., from Ceylon, though figured by Distant from Malacca, shows the spotting of typical conjuncta, but accor¬ 
ding to this figure a conspicuous yellowish-brown under surface. — stictica Fruhst., from Bazilan, Sumbawa, stictica. 
and Nias, is remarkable by its small size and lighter greenish under surface. laraca Swh. (172 g), from Woodlark laraca. 
Is., has the size between stictica and typical conjuncta and shows a lustrous lighter brownish upper surface. - 
bada Mr. (= mangala Mr., cinnara Wall.), from Formosa, but also reported from India, exhibits spots in the bada. 
hindwing, and is still rather closely allied with South Japanese guttatus. — intermedia Plotz (172 g, h) is the intermedia. 
small Javanese form with a very distinct chain of spots on the hindwing and strong distal, fine proximal spots 
on the forewing, from which the Javanese philino Mschlr. (172 li) only differs in the absence of the hindmarginal philino. 
spot on the S forewing above and of the dots on the hindwing beneath. — sifa Plotz (172 li), from Java, lias sifa. 
a much darker, almost black under surface, and the 4 spots behind the cell-end of the hindwing are not situate 
in an entirely straight row, but somewhat alternatingly, more than in the forms of P. pellucens. — kolantus kolantus. 
Plotz (172 h) has a light yellowish-brown under surface; there are only 3 small spots in the chain behind the 
cell-end of the hindwing and they are arranged in a slight bow; as its patria only ,,India“ is mentioned. — nondoa nondoa. 
Plotz (172 h) is a diminutive form from Manila, in which the small white spots of the forewing are merely 
