1084 
PARNARA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
aposlala. diminutive dots, whilst those of the hindwing are hardly visible. — apostata Snell. (172 h) is not large, in the 
S with a strongly lobate anal portion of the hindwing; the forewing lacks the small white spots in the cell, 
but on the hindwing the median chain consists of 5 instead of the usual 4 small spots, which are beneath 
dacndeli. arranged in a slight bow, above more zigzag-like; from Java. — daendeli Plotz (172 h), likewise from Java, is 
almost exactly like kolantus (172 h), but in the distal portion of the cell of the forewing there is but one fine 
white dot instead of 2 distinct spots. — It is hardly decidable whether some of these numerous forms, which 
are partly based upon very slight differences, are to be regarded as distinct species. The larvae have likewise 
been stated to vary a great deal, though this variability does not correspond to that of the lepidoptera. The 
larva of the form conjuncta sometimes shows the head surrounded with dark, sometimes only dotted dark; 
the larva itself is light green with dark green longitudinal shadows. It lives on rice, maize, sugar-cane, and 
bamboo. Pupa light yellowish-green with a case of the proboscis extending to the anal end, fastened at the anal 
end and by some threads spun over the underside of a leaf in such a way that the leaf cannot tug at the pupa. 
It yields the imago after about 10 days. The imagines fly in the sunshine, and most of the forms are 
common at their habitats. 
colaca. P. colaca Mr. ( = cingala Mr.) (173 a). The typical form which I figure from Formosa, but which 
is distributed over almost the whole of India and Ceylon to Nias and towards east to South China, is rather 
small, very closely allied to apostata from Java, but it shows bright yellowish-white fringes, also on the forewing. 
urcgus. The under surface is mouse-coloured. - uregus Plotz (173 a as urejus), from Java — type in the Munich Museum — 
has darker fringes of the forewings, with a small punctiform spot in the posterior portion of the cell, but only 
saruna. 2 or 3 small light dots in the hindwing. — saruna Plotz (173 a), from ,,India“, only shows beneath yet 3 feeble 
dots on the hindwing; but above no more dots at all, and the forewing does not show any spot in the discal 
cell, but one more above the hind-margin. — Larva green, on rice. 
bcwani. P. bewani Mr. (173 a, b). From Sikkim to Borneo, Palawan, and Formosa, dispersed, but in many 
places not rare. Very similar to colaca, but the forewing exhibits in the cell and also above the hind-margin an 
accessory white punctiform spot which is even rather large in the $. In palearctic specimens (Vol. I, pi. 89 e) 
the small white punctiform spots are often darkened or only beneath distinct. It is also questionable whether 
thyone. these two forms are not better separated. The palearctic specimens may better belong to thyone Leech which 
Elwes takes to be a synonym of beivani, whereas according to Fruhstorfer they are decidedly different, 
and which invariably lack the white spot near the submedian of the forewing; South China, Formosa. — Larva 
very light green with white lateral lines; head likewise green, marked with black, and with white vertical lines. 
It lives on sugar-cane and besides on Paspalum conjugatum and Imperata arundinacea; pupa long, tapering 
in front and behind, very light green with white longitudinal lines, yielding the imago after 10 days. 
flexilis. P. flexllss Sioh. This form is known only from Poona in India and the type is unique. It is a $ of 
the size of colaca. Above the hyaline spots of the forewing are very small; two in the cell, one next to the 
centre of the submedian, one each in the cells 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, that in cell 4 being only visible beneath. Hindwing 
beneath brown, clothed with grey scales in such a way that a darker median band shadow remains. Fringes 
brownish-grey. 
cltola. P. eltola Hew. (173 b). This species being known from Darjeeling shows the hyaline spots similarly 
arranged as in bevani, but all of them are enormously enlarged. The spot in the posterior portion of the cell 
extends from the anterior to the posterior wall of the cell, and the spot below it is still much larger. Fringes 
lighter brown. 
discreta. P. discreta Elw. (173 b) is extremely similar to eltola , but somewhat smaller, with smaller spots before 
and below the cell-end of the forewing and lighter more whitish-yellow fringes. Sikkim, Khasia, Tenasserim, 
Burma. 
nirwana. P. nirwana Plotz (173 b). This large species from Java is apparently rare, but the type also occurs 
bromus. in Sumatra. Hindwing without any spots, but forewing with very large spots. — bromus Leech (Vol. I, pi. 89 h) 
which was mentioned in the palearctic part (p. 350), is perhaps only the northern representative of this species, 
■jctavana. whereas jetavana Fruhst., from Bazilan, is an eastern branch, smaller, lighter grey, and with smaller dots. - 
austent. austeni Mr. (Vol. I, p. 350) may also be reckoned to nirwana , from West China and Tonkin. — The species is 
in some places common. 
punctata. P. bfpuHctata Elw. <0 Edw. (173 b) is also allied to nirwana , but easily discernible by the much brighter 
ochreous tint of the dense hair on the body, and of the proximal halves of the wings above and beneath, by 
the spots of the forewing being farther removed from the distal margin, and 2 obsolete though still visible small 
sidata. spots above the median branches of the hindwing. From Batjan. — sidata Fruhst. in the male has still narrower 
wings, with smaller spots in the cell of the forewing, the small discal spots hardly half as large, the disc of the 
forewing beneath black instead of brown. Isle of Buru. 
(untigua. P. contigua Mab. (= toona Mr., scortea Mab.) (173 c) exhibits all the peculiarities by which bipunctata 
is distinguished from nirwana still more increased. It is smaller, the upper surface proximally of a still brighter 
loam-coloured tint, the under surface still lighter loam-coloured, the small spots in the hindwing more distinct 
