PARNARA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
1085 
and white, those in the forewing larger and even partly connected with each other. Widely distributed, from 
Sikkim to Hongkong and Formosa, to the south as far as Java, Sumbawa, and Pulo Laut; also in Malacca, 
Sumatra, and Bali. — The larva was found on Imperata arundinacea; it is green with numerous dark dots 
and yellow transverse folds, head yellowish-brown, margined and marked with dark. 
P. mehavagga Fruhst. Length of <$ forewing 19 mm. It shows a mixture of the characters of the forms mehavagga. 
from the conjuncta and philippina groups. Still smaller than austeni, above almost as philippina (172 f), but 
the cellular spots in the forewing are smaller. Fringes greyish-yellow. Hyaline spots smaller, otherwise arranged 
as in philippina. Under surface similar to conjuncta (172 g), forewing black with a greenish apical portion, 
the ground of the hindwing throughout greenish, much brighter and more intermixed with golden brown atoms 
than in conjuncta. South Celebes, taken in March at an altitude of 3000 ft. 
P. cormassa Hew., from Borneo, is a doubtful species which has apparently not been found again; cormassa. 
Elwes and Edwards did not enlist it among their Indian Hesperidae, although according to Watson it is in 
the British Museum, where he ranges it between uma and colaca (= cingala). Upper surface dark red-brown, 
forewing with 5 hyaline spots, 1 of which is in the cell, 2 below it between the median branches, and 2 near 
the apex. Beneath another small pale spot near the hind-margin, otherwise as above. 
P. pagana Nic. (173 c) has no scent-organ above and is recognisable by quite unicoloured hindwings pagana. 
without markings, beneath without a purple tint; on the forewing there are in the cell-end two small spots, 
or only one in the lower cell-end, the light spot in cell 4 of the forewing is small and roundish, in the hindmarginal 
area there is but one small light spot near the centre, at the apex 3 small strigiform spots. Fringes not yellowish. 
Sikkim, Borneo, Sumatra, Pegu. e 
P. kumara Mr. (173 c). Above the $ shows only very scanty hyaline spots: two between the ipedians, kumara. 
one subapical one; the $ shows a discal row of 7 small spots. The under surface is of a bright red-brown (<J) 
or yellowish-brown ($) tinge. Separated from the otherwise similar philippina by the absence of the small 
hindmarginal spot in the q ; besides larger, beneath more uniformly tinted and with a patch of scales near the 
base of the forewing. Distributed and in some places common, from Sikkim to Ceylon, Java, Borneo, Sumatra, 
Formosa. — Larva very light green, behind all white, with dark dots and yellow transverse folds, head almost 
glassy white; on Imperata arundinacea. 
P. cahira Mr. (173 c) is a very uncertain species which was often confused with humara, and is cahira. 
also separable from austeni, moolata and others almost only be anatomical examinations of the genitals. There 
are above both small cellular spots and a hindmarginal spot also in the $; on the forewing beneath there is 
a conspicuous light patch behind the centre of the hind-margin in the <$, whereas a real scent-organ reflection 
is absent. Indo-China and China (according to Staudinger), also Java, Andamans, and perhaps Philippines; 
the statements are often contradictory. 
P. albiclavata Btlr. is above very similar to the allied preceding species; forewing blackish-brown, albiclavata. 
with the usual small hyaline spots which arranged as in kumara, with a small spot at the cell-end; hindwing 
without markings. Beneath the hindwing is greyish-yellow, towards the hind-margin more strewn with lilac- 
grey, and with a long white longitudinal ray extending almost to the margin. New Pomerania, Georgia. 
P. repetita Btlr. above likewise resembles kumara and cahira, in the cell-end with but one small dot at repetita. 
the lower end; hindwing above without markings, beneath coloured like albiclavata, but without the white 
longitudinal ray, but the veins are somewhat lighter yellowish, contrasting with the ground which is strewn 
with greyish-yellow. Described from New Lauenburg. 
P. moolata Mr. (= dravida Mab., onchisa Swh,) (173d). The white spots of the forewing are moolata. 
arranged in a rather narrow ring, almost as in oceia, the $ shows besides the small spot above the centre of 
the hind-margin. Hindwing beneath uniformly deep brown; all the fringes in typical specimens dingy light 
brown. — ab. auroeiliata Elw. (173 d) described as a separate species by Piepers and Snellen, but flying in aurociliata. 
Java among typical moolata, shows more scanty spots on the forewing and glaring yellow fringes. From India, 
Java, Assam, and Tonkin across Borneo and Palawan to the Philippines. 
P. cretura Plotz is unknown to me. Among Plotz’ figures there is no species of that name; the diagnose crclura, 
is rather general. The form is not mentioned by Elwes, Swinhoe, and Mabille. Above similar to moolata, 
the fringes not yellow, only somewhat lighter than the ground; recognisable by the brown under surface of 
the hindwing being densely strewn with chalky white. Borneo. 
P. plebeja Nic. was described at first from Sikkim; smaller than most of the preceding species, and plebeja. 
on both sides unicoloured dark sepia-brown. Forewing beneath with a light patch of the hindmarginal portion. 
The fore wing forms a curved discal row of four small spots increasing in size towards the hind-margin; no such 
spots in the cell. — The Javanese form is mormo Mab. (173 e) which, however, hardly differs from typical mormo. 
specimens; but a specimen from Borneo (Kina Balu) is said to exhibit a less oblique distal margin of the fore wing 
