HALPE. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
1087 
P. brunnea Snell. (= sodalis Mab.) (173 a). In its size and colouring very similar to the preceding hrunnea. 
ones, but at once discernible from oceia and simillima by the scent-organ. Of the cellular pencil of the hindwing 
there is no trace whatever in the <$, but the show an oblique comma-shaped spot in the submedian area 
of the forewing. Java, Bali, Pulo Laut. — eoere Nic. are specimens from Burma and Annani, hardly different from coere. 
the insular form. 
P. mathias F. (— thrax Led.) (173 g and Vol. I, pi. 88f, g). One of the commonest Hesperidae and mathias. 
lepidoptera altogether, wherever there are rice-fields, distributed over the whole of South Asia, the whole 
archipelago, far to Australia, for instance yet near Brisbane and to the west yet over a great part of Africa. 
niencia Leech (Vol. I, pi. 88 g) is particularly in the <$ smaller, beneath greyer, with somewhat differently mencia. 
shaped wings, from the palearctic region, Cashmir, and Central China ,which however also penetrates the Indo- 
Australian Region in the Himalaya and South China and is regarded as a distinct species by Mabille. 
agnci Mr. from Ceylon, and chaya Holl. from Hainan are insignificant races; specimens belonging to them or 
forming a transition to them I often took near Singapore and in Hongkong. Particularly small specimens with 
a greenish reflection on proximal parts of the upper surface were figured as ella Plotz from Java, and a large ella. 
form with a strigiform small spot between the median branches as balarama Plotz from the Philippines, but balarama. 
both the forms may also be found in numerous other places of the Indo-Australian Region. — Larva greenish- 
yellow with whitish longitudinal lines and a red lateral stripe on the green head of the adult larva, whereas 
the head of young larvae is black. The old larva is said to live freely, not between contracted leaves or blades, 
and it was found on rice and besides on sugar-cane and other Gramineae. Pupa light green with light 
longitudinal lines-, yielding the imago after 10 till 14 days. — The imagines have quite the same habits and the 
exterior of the European Gegenes nostradamus ; the <$<$ distinctly exhibit the same scent-organ as the preceding- 
species, a comma-shaped spot in the submedian area. 
P. subochracea Mr. (173 g) is by no means tinted ochreous as the name might indicate, but coloured subochra- 
like a very large mathias ; but below the subcostal of the hindwing beneath the white spot is larger, not only 
a dot. De Niceville considered it to be a deviation of mathias, whereas Edwards confirmed it to be a distinct 
species, by reason of anatomical differences. India, near Calcutta, Nilghiris, Travancore etc. 
P. sewa Plotz (173 g) could much rather be a Scobura ; it certainly differs considerably from all sewa. 
the Parnara, The comma-shaped scent-organ of the forewing is absent, the small white hyaline spots are quite 
differently arranged, and the under surface is considerably more variegated. Above blackish-brown with some 
lustrous golden hair in the proximal portions of the wings; beneath the costal area of the forewing, and the 
whole hindwing are coppery red-brown with black punctiform spots in the cell and a dense arcuate row of 
such spots before the marginal area. Celebes. 
P. amalia Semp. (= fulgidus Misk., sigida Mab.), together with some- TeUcota- species ( augiades, amalia. 
trichopepla , aruana, and angustida) has been placed to the genus Cephrenes Waterh. & Ly. (= Corone Mob., 
praeocc.), owing to the absence of the $ scent-stripe. Fore wing brown, base and hind-margin hued with orange 
brown, with yellowish hyaline spots, 3 small subapical ones and three in the disc; the hindwing shows four 
small irregular discal spots. Australia. 
P. umbrata Btlr. resembles amalia, but the orange hue on the forewing is very much less intense, umbrata. 
hardly noticeable, the hyaline spots being arranged as in amalia are less yellow and smaller, and the small hyaline > 
spots in the disc of the hindwing are almost extinct. Beneath the same and of a duller colour, the small hyaline 
spots are darkened by brownish-grey irroration. New Pomerania. 
P. ogusawarensis Mats, is an interesting species distinguished from all the others by large white ogusawa- 
hyaline discal spots, the spots in the cell-end on the forewing and hindwing being very much larger, whereas 
the other spots have almost entirely disappeared. Beneath the wings are similarly marked, but the colouring 
appears to be duller greyish-brown owing to greyish-yellow irroration. Ogusawa. 
P. neophytes Mob. is a rather unknown species apparently allied to sewa ; the small hyaline spots neophytes. 
are arranged as in sewa , but the under surface is not so variegated, but plainly brownish-grey, and the small 
black punctiform spots are entirely absent; above the lustrous golden hah- of the basal areas on both wings 
is neither present. Sikkim. 
P. fuliginosa Misk., described as Hesperilla, unknown to me, might belong to this genus. Expanse fuliginosa. 
35 to 40 mm. All the wings monotonously blackish-brown. Body and bases of the wings with small yellowish 
hairs, above the hind-margin in the basal half a dull yellowish tint; mark oblique, black; fringes dark. Hindwing 
above without markings, fringes in the anal portion snow-white. Under surface rust-brown, hindwing with a 
lustrous blue base and with four small bluish postmedian spots at the same distance. Queensland in January. 
44. Genus: Halpe Mr. 
This genus contains about 36 species some of which are rather similar, yet the group is by far not so 
monotonous as the Parnara being above throughout blackish-brown. Eorewing of the $ invariably with a very 
pointed apex, hindwing often beneath variegatedly spotted. Head broad and strong, antennae longer than 
