1088 
HALPE. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
half the costa, the last joint of the broad palpi is rudimentary, hidden in the wool-brush. 
zema. H. zema Hew. (173 h) is not a common lepidopteron; we figure it from Sikkim. Easily recognisable 
by the white median band of the hindwing beneath which is composed of single contiguous spots and begins 
near the apex, extending through the golden yellowish-brown ground to beyond the centre of the sub median. 
Above on the dark greyish-brown ground of the fore wing whitish discal and preapical spots, on the hindwing 
ormenes. light central fogs. India and Indo-China. — ormenes Plotz , from Nias, shows smaller spots on the forewing, 
vilasina. which however also occurs in continental specimens, according to Elwes. — vilasina Fruhst., from West Sumatra, 
is smaller than typical zema , beneath much darker, the median band of the hindwing more distinctly defined, 
vistara. of a purer white, narrower, distally deeply notched. — vistara Fruhst. (173 h), from Java and Bah. is according 
to Fruhstorfer smaller than Indian specimens (but sometimes Javanese specimens are also larger than those 
from Sikkim); from vilasina with a black upper surface it differs in the greyish-green tint; beneath the band 
of the hindwing is said to be yellow instead of white, but in the Javanese specimen figured by Piepers and 
Snellen it is purely white and proximally irregular, which Fruhstorfer declares to be a characteristic of 
mahapara. a Palawan-race on which he bases the name mahapara. — Nothing is known of the habits. 
cerata. H. cerata Hew. is above unicoloured brown with the usual hyaline spots, distinguished by the well 
developed white macular band in the centre of the hindwing beneath; the lowest white subapical spot is very 
large. Sikkim, Burma, Philippines. 
astigmata. H. astigmata Swh. without a stigma in the forewing. Upper surface dark brown with a violet 
reflection on the forewing which shows 5 small hyaline spots: 1 (double spot) in the cell and one each in the 
cells 2, 3, 6, and 7, the latter being punctiform. Under surface blackish-brown, the small spots of the forewing 
as above, a very small one in cell 8; before the distal margin traces of a light macular band; hindwing 
of a somewhat warmer tint owing to the irroration with small yellowish-grey scales; at the base of cell 7 an 
insignificant white spot, a dull yellowish one near the apical third of the cell 1 b, and one small purely 
white one each in 2 to 6; the spots in the cells 3, 4, and 5 are very small, sometimes quite absent, before the 
margin slight traces of a light band. Fringes grey, near the ends of the veins speckled brown. Nilghiri Hills. 
insignis. H. insignis Dist. (173 h) is a small species described from Singapore, recognisable by the light whitish- 
grey under surface with a row of dark dots before the marginal third in the chalky white ground. 
hyrie. H. hyrie Nic. (171 c), from the Naga Hills in Assam is easily recognisable by the double hyaline spot 
in the cell of the fore wing. The hyaline spots themselves are rather large, the fringes show traces of lighter 
irroration. 
lmmara. H. kumara Nic. (171 b) from Sikkim. Above extraordinarily similar to H. sitala (171 e), but the 
hyaline spots of the fore wing are more scanty and more yellowish-hyaline. The under surface, however, differs 
entirely from sitala, being dark yellowish-brown, uniformly powdered with nut-brown, excepting the quite 
uniformly dark sepia-brown disc and hindmarginal portion of the forewing. Not to bo mistaken for Parnara 
kumara. 
knywctti. H. knywetti Elw. (173 h) is one of the larger forms with a distinct comma-shaped <$ stigma in the 
submedian area of the forewing. Hindwing beneath dark brown, tinted ochreous by being strewn with yellowish 
scales which are condensed before the distal margin to a chain of indistinct spots. Sometimes there are besides 
lighter or darker spots in the disc, as they occur in the homolea- group; but from the latter knywetti differs in 
a white band extending before the antennal apex across the antennal club, being dark in homolea. From Sikkim; 
allied to kumara. 
fasciata. H. fasciata Elw. (173 h) has the size, shape, and also the small white band of the antennal club like 
knywetti, but the hindwing is beneath dark red-brown, without the yellow strewing, and in the forewing above 
the small light spot in the cell is absent. From the Kina Balu, not yet much known; the author thinks it 
possible that the absence of the yellow irroration beneath in the only specimen before him may be due to its 
having been blown away in flying. 
moorei. H. moorei Wts. (= teliga Sivh., beturia auct. nec Hew.), from India and the Andamans, shows a 
bcturina. white median band of the hindwing beneath, showing through above as an indistinct brightening. — beturina 
Fruhst.. from Indo-China, is smaller, with a lighter ground-colour, beneath more yellowish-brown than reddish, 
the band of the hindwing beneath broader, more uniform, much lighter, almost sulphur-coloured, also the sub- 
crylonica. marginal band more distinct. Siam, Annam, similar specimens from the Mergui Islands. — ceylonica Mr. is 
similar, perhaps a distinct species, but certainly the representative of moorei in Ceylon and the Nilghiri Hills, 
rare, near Kandy. Here the yellowish-white band of the hindwing beneath does not show through above. 
majuscula. H. majuscula Elw. (171 c) is somewhat allied to H. nephele (Vol. I, pi. 89 f), of the same shape and size, 
but the light markings beneath are duller, in the distal portions of both wings smaller and browner spots, the 
hindwing above without spots, and on the forewing only two small spots, behind and below the lower cell-angle. 
Celebes. 
