PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
18 
to that of victoriae, but the 8. subcostal of the forewing branching off proximally to the apex of the cell. 
Wings of the $ velvety black, on the forewing a broad costal stripe and a still broader hindmarginal stripe 
enclosing the black scent-spot, on the hindwing a broad submarginal band, which at the costal and hind- 
margins is continued to the base, and a broad cell-streak, green-blue, in bred specimens more green than blue; 
both wings ong, lower angle of the forewing completely rounded off, hindw’ng elongate-ovate. Underside 
blue-green, the forewing yellowish, the veins, the greater part of the cell of the forewing and the margins 
black, as are also on the forewing some stripes between the veins. The $ brown-black; forewing up to 135 mm 
long, with 2 rows of grey-white spots in the distal half and 2 spots in the cell; hindwing elongate-ovate, with 
large yellow-grey, browned wedge-shaped spots; beneath with the spots yellowish. The full-grown larva 
when at rest measures over 12 cm according to S. Meek; it is velvety black with straight, ruby-red spines, and 
bears in the middle of the body a broad cream-coloured transverse band. — In the north-east part of British New 
Guinea, in low situations. A number of specimens of both sexes were taken. The butterfly flies high in the 
air and is not easy to catch. The species was originally described from a $ killed by the collector with gun-shot. 
P. priamus. Stalk of the subcostal fork of the forewing short, 3. subcostal branching off several mm. 
proximally to the upper angle of the cell. before the hinder angle of the forewing with a long brand, which 
consists of small scent-scales and larger dentate scales covering them; a broad costal stripe, a narrower stripe 
(sometimes wanting) running along the distal and hindmargins, as well as the hindwing, green, blue or orange; 
hindwing mostly with black discal spots and often with gold-yellow submarginal ones; beneath the forewing 
spotted; hindwing yellow, spotted with black at the sides. Wings of the $ brownish black, with very variable 
grey-white, sometimes yellowish spots; as original markings we have on the forewing a cell-spot and on both 
wings two rows of spots between cell and distal margin, the upper of these spots on the forewing and mostly all 
the spots of the hindwing united in pairs into long patches, sometimes the forewing without spots. Larva black, 
with one or two white oblique stripes, the spines red with black tips or black with yellow rings. Pupa grey-yellow, 
gold-yellow or green. The earlier stages, most commonly to be found during the rainy season, are especially abundant 
in the neighbourhood of the coast. The butterfly mostly remains in the tops of trees, round which it circles with 
a sailing flight; when the $ is in search of the low-growing food-plant of the larva, the $ mostly follows it; both 
sexes also visit flowering trees and shrubs. The butterfly is purely Papuan; it inhabits in a number of geographical 
forms the Moluccas, the Key and Aru Islands, New Guinea with the neighbouring islands, the Bismarck and 
Solomon Islands and-Australia southwards as far as the northern part of New South Wales. — lydius Fldr. (3 c). lydius. 
<$: markings of the forewing above and the hindwing orange, green in an obliquely reflected light, those of the 
underside green, the cell-spot of the forewing large; cell of the hindwing beneath only distinctly edged with black poste¬ 
riorly. $ for the most part grey-white, the cell-spot occupies almost the whole cell on both wings. Halmahera, 
and Ternate (fide Wallace). — croesus Wall. (3 b, c). $ as in the preceding subspecies, but on the underside croesus. 
the green cell-spot of the forewing and the gold-yellow area placed before the cell of the hindwing smaller and 
the cell of the hindwing entirely margined with black; newly emerged specimens are green as in lydius; the 
harpe of the claspers in lydius and croesus much shorter than in the other forms of priamus, dorsally to the base 
in croesus with a pointed tooth, which is only indicated in lydius. $ with much reduced grey-white spots on the 
forewing, the cell-spot often absent; the wedge-patches of the hindwing are separated by rather broad brown- 
black vein-stripes, and are more or less yellow on the under surface, but mostly not of such pure yellow as the 
submarginal spots, which mostly have also a yellow tone on the upper surface. Larva on an Aristolochia which 
grows in sago-palm swamps; it bears on each side two white oblique stripes. Probably the larva of lydius like¬ 
wise lives in such inaccessible places, which would explain why the butterfly is comparatively rarely taken. P. 
croesus only occurs on Batjan; in Wytsman’s Gen. Ins. Rippon erroneously gives Amboina also as locality. Fruh- 
storfer designates as ab. Iydioides a whose costal band has a fiery carmine-red tone of colour and on which the lydioides. 
costal and discal spots of the forewing beneath are coppery. The specimen has probably been longer exposed to 
the influence of the weather; also old specimens in collections are more fiery than fresh ones. Under similar con¬ 
ditions the green forms of priamus often acquire a bluish tint. — aesacus Ney (= obiana Bebel) inhabits Obi aesacus. 
(= Ombira). In the $ a broad costal stripe of the forewing and a narrow stripe running along the distal and 
hindmargins green-blue like the hindwing; the latter above with golden, beneath with golden and black spots 
before the distal margin, the cell not margined with black. Ground-colour of the $ deeper black than in most 
of the priamus-for ms, also the upperside of the abdomen rather strongly suffused with black; cell-spot of the 
forewing large, deeply excised distally; the distal area of the hindwing extending nearly to the cell, the black 
spots of the latter mostly small, the veins only very narrowly black. The occurrence of this blue-green ($) form 
on Obi, of the blue caelestis on the Louisiades and of the green-blue miokensis on Mioko is a sufficient proof that 
the green forms do not belong to one species and the blue to another, but that they are all geographical develop¬ 
ments of a single species, — priamus L. (§ = panthous L.), from Amboina, Saparoea and Ceram (no priamus- priamus. 
form is yet known from Buru and the Banda Islands). A large form. the two stripes of the forewing and 
the hindwing green; median vein of the forewing without green scaling; hindwing above always with two or 
more black submarginal spots, beneath with a complete row of these spots, the cell anteriorly and usually also 
distally margined with black, and more rarely also posteriorly; the number and size of the gold spots variable, 
