PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
21 
a light and a dark, as in criton and helena. In both forms the forewing from the base to beyond the origin of the 
1. median is black or black-brown; this area rather sharply defined. In the dark form, $-f. nychonia form, nov., nychonia. 
the distal half of the forewing is similar to that of the $, only the apex of the cell is somewhat lighter; the 
yellow area of the hindwing consists of a rather small, obliquely truncate cell-spot and 6 large discal spots; the 
black discal spots are rather small and separated from one another, but broadly united with the black marginal 
band. In the second female form, $-f. chitonia form, nov., the vein-streaks of the forewing are very broad and chilonia. 
above also very distinct, towards the base they are grey-white, as is also the apical third of the cell; the 
yellow area of the hindwing is cut off straight (not obliquely) basally; no spot before the submedian, on the 
other hand a larger spot behind the 2. median, the black discal spots completely confluent with one another and 
with the marginal band, so that in the broad black area thus formed only quite small yellowish spots are present; 
beneath the discal area is not golden. — Dutch and Portuguese Timor; rare in collections, like many of the Timor 
species. The island, which possesses a vegetation recalling that of North-West Australia, is very unhealthy 
in the rainy season, and in the long and very arid dry season only very few insects are to be found. 
P. helena. : abdomen above brown, narrowly ringed with yellow, lighter in the middle, laterally 
and beneath entirely yellow; hindwing between the 1. radial and the 1. median truncate, except for the rather 
strong scalloping; the gold area correspondingly produced behind the 1. radial and at the 1. median; the upper 
angle of the spot placed before the 1. radial projecting more than the lower angle; behind the cell and the 2. 
median a long, narrow yellow triangle. The $ occurs in two principal forms, a light and a dark, which are con¬ 
nected by transitions; abdomen black-brown, at the sides a broad yellow stripe, the posterior ventral stripes 
partly yellow, or the whole underside yellow with black spots; hindwing usually without discal gold spot before 
the subcostal; the cell-spot small and irregular, or longer posteriorly than anteriorly. The most widely distri¬ 
buted ,,Ornithoptera“ ; it occurs in numerous subspecies from Hainan and North India to New Guinea. — papu- 
ensis Wall. (= melpomona Rippon, melpomena id.). Abdomen yellow beneath, in the $ paler than in the $ and 
spotted with black; cell-spot of the hindwing in $ and $ about of equal size, obliquely cut off, anteriorly reaching 
to the point of origin of the subcostal, sometimes somewhat more, sometimes somewhat less extended, the gold 
spot placed below the cell always extending nearly to the base. ^ on the under surface of the forewing mostly 
without vein-stripes, but sometimes with a grey-white submarginal band composed of smears. The yellow area 
of the hindwing of the $ above very rarely grey-yellow. In rf-ab. irregularis Dannett, founded on a single specimen, 
probably from New Guinea, the gold patches placed round the cell of the hindwing are so much reduced that 
the middle spots are scarcely a third as long at the veins as the black submarginal area is broad. The name ab. 
Carolus Fruhst. is applied to specimens rarely occurring in both sexes in which the forewing is white above and 
* beneath in the apex of the cell and at the veins on the disc; this white area is purer white in the $ than in 
the $ and extends almost to the liindmargin. Apart from such extreme individuals the $ occurs in two principal 
forms: $-f. papuensis Wall., forewing at least above without stripes or only slightly lighter at the veins; this 
is the commonest form, to which also belongs $-ab. biroi Horv. & Mocs., with yellow-brown instead of yellow 
area on the hindwing (discoloured?); in £-f. papuana Oberth. (= melpomona $ Rippon) the apex of the cell 
and the adjoining parts of the forewing above are grey-white. The butterfly occurs in the whole of New Guinea 
both in the plains and hills, but not in the higher mountains, and is very common in many places, e. g. Astrolabe 
Bay; it is also found on Salawatti. It is very singular that there is apparently no representative of these golden 
and black Aristolochia-Papilios on the Aru and Key Islands.— hanno Fruhst., from Goram and the Matabela 
Islands, is smaller than oblongomaculatus from Ceram and Amboina. $ always without dark vein-stripes on 
the under surface of the forewing; hindwing before the subcostal always with a large golden spot, which basally, 
however, extends very little if at all beyond the point of origin of this vein, the cell-spot not so large as in 
oblongomaculatus ; the cell rather strongly margined with black all round, the spot placed below the cell extend¬ 
ing at least as far basad as the cell-spot. abdomen beneath at the base black, posteriorly grey-yellow with 
black spots; the central area of the hindwing grey-yellow as in oblongomaculatus ; no discal spot before the 1. 
radial, the submarginal spots above and beneath small; no grey-yellow stripe at the submedian, or only a short 
one. Two forms: $-f. lucina form. nov. Cell of the forewing above only faintly edged with grey at the apex, 
the vein-stripes though distinct more or less shaded with black; $-f. diana form. nov. Apex of the cell and vein- 
stripes on the upper surface of the forewing grey-white. — asartia Rothsch. : cell-spot of the hindwing extending 
nearly to the base, the subcostal spot either as large as in oblongomaculatus or smaller; on the underside the long 
spot placed below the cell reaching almost as far distally as the preceding golden area; cell more thinly edged 
with black than in hanno, the tips of the projections of the black marginal band covered with grey-yellow scales, 
the proximal portion of the last projection reduced to an isolated black dot (which is wanting in one of our three 
specimens). Ceram Laut, collected by H. Kuhn in December 1898. — -oblongomaculatus Goeze (= helena Clerck 
nec Linne, amphimedon Cr., hellen Godt.), from Ceram, Saparoea and Amboina, is the largest subspecies of 
this species. cell-spot of the hindwing extending nearly to the base, the subcostal spot produced basad to 
beyond the point of origin of the subcostal. $: the central area of the hindwing above grey-yellow or cream- 
colour, a small discal spot before the 1. radial very rarely absent, the spot placed below the cell mostly large, 
papuensis. 
irregularis. 
biroi. 
papuana. 
hanno. 
lucina. 
diana. 
asartia. 
oblongo¬ 
maculatus. 
