Publ. 20. IV. 10. 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
25 
beneath all very strongly developed, before the submedian a long, broad stripe, as well as weak stripes at the 
subcostals, the stripe placed behind the 2. median continued basad along the cell, as in cerberus; hindwing 
before the subcostal with a long gold patch, which does not reach the costal vein, a complete row of black 
discal spots (6 above, 7 beneath), the 2. the largest, 9 mm long, at the tip of the 3 posterior projections of the 
black marginal band somewhat black scaling on the gold area (recalling aeacus ), the gold streak placed behind 
the cell prolonged beyond the middle of the 6. black discal spot. forewing above with very dark narrow 
vein-stripes, these strongly developed beneath, in the apex of the cell an M-mark; hindwing without discal 
gold spot before the subcostal, the black discal spots large, only at the 3. radial and 1. median very narrowly 
separated, the black spot behind the 2. median long, only 5 mm from the cell, beneath the yellow area very 
pale, distally and posteriorly whitish. 1 <$, 2 from Hainan in the Tring Museum. 
P. minos Cr. (— astenous F. partim) (9 a, b). The collar as well as the sides of the breast and of minos. 
the 1. abdominal segment red. abdomen grey-yellow, with black lateral spots; the 3. radial and the two 
median veins distinctly edged with whitish, these stripes continued to the cell and here united together; 
hindwing golden, the abdominal area as far as the cell and the broad marginal band black. $ on the fore¬ 
wing with very distinct vein-stripes, which extend to the cell and are here united, the distal half of the cell 
surrounded with white also on the inside; hindwing golden, the abdominal area black, and also a row of large 
discal spots, some of which rarely touch one another, and the broad marginal band (strongly convex between 
the veins)) abdominal area grey in the centre and at the margin. Egg reddish. Larva dark brown, with 
blackish markings, the tubercles with pale red tips, the oblique lateral band and the whole dorsal tubercle of 
the 7. segment likewise pale red. Pupa usually light brown and dorsally golden; sometimes greenish and 
dorsally light yellow. South India, from the coast upwards to over 2000 m. In North Kanara common during 
the rainy season (from June onwards), also no rarity in other districts of the peninsula: Travancore, Cochin, 
Nilghiri Hills, Koonoor, etc. The butterfly has a slow flight, but flies commonly high above the trees, and often 
remains fluttering before flowers. The pupa when touched makes a distinct, somewhat hissing sound, which 
is probably caused by the friction of the abdominal segments against each other. 
P. aeacus. $ : abdomen above ringed with yellow; forewing narrow, semitransparent at the veins; 
hindwing golden, the last 3 projections of the black marginal band surrounded with black scaling placed on 
the golden area, sometimes a black discal spot behind the 2. median, rarely a second one also before this vein. 
abdomen above black, beneath margined with yellow, or yellow with black spots; hindwing with sharp 
white-grey vein-stripes, which extend to the cell; the cell inside margined with white-grey at least to the 
half, commonly almost the whole cell of this colour, only the base and 2 longitudinal streaks remaining black; 
hindwing with large black wedge-shaped spots and deeply incised marginal band, the anal third of the wing 
more or less strongly shaded with black. Distributed from the southern slopes of the Himalayas and West 
China to Malacca and Formosa; in many districts common from about 800 to 3500 ft. — thomsoni Bates thomsoni. 
(= malaiianus Fmhst.). J: small, the distal margin of the forewing strongly concave. cell of the forewing 
towards the base surrounded with white-grey scarcely to the 2. median, the bordering as well as the vein- 
stripes narrow; the black discal spots of the hindwing on the whole smaller than in Indian specimens, the 
wing anally less dusted with black. Malay Peninsula. —■ aeacus Fldr. (= rhadamanthus Bdv. partim, nec aeacus. 
Lucas ) (vol. I, 1 a, b). larger, yet many specimens from the Shan States as small as thomsoni; the distal 
margin of the wing mostly less incurved, and the vein-stripes somewhat broader. $: the white-grey margining 
of the cell of the forewing as well as the vein-stripes broad, often the cell for the most part white-grey; in 
specimens from West China the abdomen beneath is on the whole more extended black than in those from 
India. North-West and North India, Burma including Tenasserim and the Shan States, and West China; 
from Siam proper, as well as from Assam, Tonkin, South China and Hainan, the butterfly is apparently not 
yet known; on the other hand it occurs in Formosa in a somewhat different form ( formosanus ). In North 
India, especially in the Mussorie district and Sikkim, the butterfly is very common in hot valleys. It sails 
slowly round flowering trees, but also visits flowering shrubs, and can sometimes be caught with the hand 
when it is hovering before a flower. -— formosanus Rothsch. The vein-stripes of the forewing in and $ formosanus. 
narrower than in aeacus, especially in the $ strikingly thin. The abdomen beneath at the base with red hairs; in 
the $ the head before the antennae is red, also in the $ there are some red hairs here. The black discal 
spots of the hindwing of the £ are large and wedge-shaped, and the two black marginal spots placed before and 
behind the 1. median of the hindwing are not distally surrounded with yellow on the underside. South and 
Central Formosa, in the Tring Museum. 
P. rhadamantus. Similar to the preceding species, but the 2. median of the hindwing branching off 
much more distally; the abdomen of the above entirely black; in the $ the forewing from the base to the 
point of origin of the 2. median brown-black, this area sharply defined, the double stripe placed at the 2. 
median short, the submedian double stripe at least above absent or merely indicated and the black distal 
spots of the hindwing so completely united with the marginal band that no yellow submarginal spots or only 
very small ones remain. Sometimes all the yellow is suppressed on the upper surface of the hindwing. 
Larva chocolate-brown, the tips of the fleshy spines red, on the 6. and 7. segments- (not counting the head) 
IX. 
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