PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
27 
sometimes shows traces of yellowish grey scaling. The forewing of the $ is white-grey and midway between 
the cell and the marginal band more or less extended brownish. The butterfly occurs up to a height of 1500 m. 
P. amphrysus. : abdomen yellow, the 1 . segment above black, often the upperside also blackened 
laterally and at the tip; forewing with yellow or grey-yellow vein-stripes, the posterior ones submarginal, the 
anterior ones extending to the cell, the apex of the cell at least beneath with a grey-yellow spot; the black 
distal margin of the golden hindwing very narrow at the veins. abdomen above black-brown or grey- 
yellow; forewing with vein-stripes, of which the posterior ones are submarginal and are only sometimes pro¬ 
longed to the cell when the latter is entirely filled in with white-grey, cell always with a white-grey apical 
spot, which is normally trapezoidal, but in Borneo is often very much enlarged and then not sharply cut 
off; the black discal spots of the hindwing always large. The butterfly is purely Malayan and occurs from 
Banguey in the north to Malacca. Sumatra, Java and the islands off the west coast of Sumatra in the south. 
The species is found in the lowlands and in the mountains and consists of a series of subspecies, of which 
three are mountain forms. The butterfly belongs to the commoner Lepidoptera of the large Sunda Islands 
and is more abundant there than P. helena. The egg is yellow. The full-grown larva is coffee-brown, the 
fleshy processes of the prothorax and the next 3 segments are thickened at the tip and curved posteriorly, 
whilst the processes of the other segments are inclined forwards. The yellow pupa makes a loud noise by 
rubbing the abdominal segments together when it is disturbed; the pupal stage lasts 26—29 days (Martin). 
Unfortunately it is not stated how the larva and pupa are distinguished from those of the allied species. 
The transparent yellow hindwings give the insect a gorgeous appearance when it circles high in the air in 
the sunshine. — amphrysus Cr. (= amphrisius F.) (14 a). vein-stripes and cell-spot of the forewing amphrysus. 
yellow, the stripes placed between the 2. and 3. radials proximally mostly broadly merged together; the 
black distal margin of the hindwing about 1 y 2 mm broad at the tips of the veins; ^-ab. palabuana Frulist. palabuana. 
has according to the author darker, almost reddish brown vein-stripes, our Palabuan UU do not show this, 
yet the vein-stripes in two worn specimens from there are paler and more dirty yellow. the yellow area 
of the hindwing above towards the base and the abdominal margin mostly very pale yellowish grey; abdomen 
beneath at the base usually blackened. Common on Java at lower elevations. Like the allied species 
amphrysus flies early in the morning and again towards evening, yet after heavy rain the butterfly is also 
to be found during the midday heat at flowers on open places covered with undergrowth, where it comes from 
the tree-tops in the edges of the neighbouring woods. — The mountains of Java are inhabited by a moun¬ 
tain form: cuneifera Oberth. (= ritsemae Snell., cuneatus Rippon ) (14 a, c), which flies at a height of about cuneifera. 
1200 to nearly 2000 m. It occurs on Gede and Ardjoena, but is especially common in the Chinchona 
plantations of the plateau of Pengalengan. <$: abdomen above with an oval black spot on the 4. and the 
5. segment; the hindwing has usually several diffuse obsolescent black discal wedge-spots, which are rarely 
all wanting; the vein-stripes of the forewing are thin, more grey than in amphrysus and the anterior ones 
only distinct at and near the cell. The $ not constantly distinguishable from amphrysus, the yellow area of 
the hindwing basally and abdominally less grey and especially beneath on the whole purer greenish yellow. 
— vistara Frulist., from the Batu Islands, : vein-stripes of the forewing thinner and much less yellow vistara. 
than in amphr. amphrysus, the stripes placed at the 2. median above only indicated or absent; the projections 
of the black marginal band of the hindwing longer than in amphrysus. vein-stripes of the forewing some¬ 
what broader than in amphrysus, especially the submarginal ones, the cell-spot somewhat larger, anteriorly 
almost as long as it is broad; marginal band of the hindwing broad, the yellow submarginal spots conse¬ 
quently further removed from the margin than in amphrysus, the central area above and beneath yellow, 
the yellow spot placed before the subcostal larger than the 4. spot, the 5. and 6. spots deeply incised, the 
respective black discal patches very long; abdomen beneath not blackened at the base. 2 <$<$ and 1 $ in the 
Tring Museum, a few specimens also in other collections. — niasicus Frulist. $ quite similar to the vistara-<$, niasicus. 
but the vein-stripes of the forewing and the cell-spot somewhat more yellowish; on the under surface the cell 
has at the apex a large anterior and a small linear posterior spot, which is also the case in vistara and the 
next subspecies. * The $ likewise as vistara, the cell-spot of the forewing posteriorly shorter, consequently 
strongly trapezoidal; the discal yellow spot placed before the subcostal of the hindwing is small, and the 2. 
yellow discal spot and also the grey-yellow submarginal spots are on the whole smaller than in vistara. Nias. 
— sumatranus Hagen is the mountain form from Sumatra. Similar to cuneifera. In the $ the vein-stripes sumatranus. 
of the forewing still more reduced, and the abdomen above without black central spots; the black discal 
spots of the hindwing only partly indicated, often all absent. The $ is distinguished from all the other am- 
phrysus-iorms especially by the gold area of the hindwing being cut off almost straight at the point of origin 
of the subcostal vein; the abdomen beneath blackened at the base as in cuneifera. —- A further form with 
black discal spots on the hindwing of the is tantalus Ehrm., described from a which is said to have been tantalus. 
found by Waterstradt in North Borneo (— the author says ,,in the German possessions in North Borneo, . . 
Kala Bula Mountain"). The specimen differs from cuneifera according to the author by the absence of the 
red collar and by stronger yellowish vein-stripes. We would point out, however, that in cuneifera (= ritsemae) 
the collar is also sometimes entirely black and the vein-stripes vary. Did the specimen really come from 
North Borneo ? — ruficollis Btlr. $: the vein-stripes of the forewing and the black distal margin of the ruficollis. 
