28 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
hindwing thinner than in amphrysus, the cell of the forewing beneath with a larger anterior and a linear 
posterior spot as in vistara and niasicus; the harpe of the anal clasper as in these twm forms with a proximal 
tooth, which is only indicated in Javan specimens of amphrysus. In the $ the white-grey cell-spot extends 
to the point of origin of the 2. subcostal, the vein-stripes are narrower than in amphr. amphrysus; the yellow 
submarginal spots of the hindwing are placed nearer to the margin than in niasicus and vistara and in 
specimens from Malacca are rather frequently, in those from Sumatra rarely, joined together. We have 
found no characteristic by which the specimens from Malacca and Sumatra can be distinguished from one 
another. It is true that in general the <3$ from Malacca are small and the black discal spots of the hind- 
wing of the $ in a large percentage of specimens are partly separated from one another and the anterior ones 
rounded, but the same characters likewise occur in Sumatra although rarely, so that it is so far impossible without 
indication of locality to say with certainty of any specimen whether it comes from Sumatra or Malacca. It 
is quite otherwise with the specimens from Borneo. In Sumatra, where ruficollis occurs in the plain and on 
the spurs of the mountains, it is commoner than the local form of helen^a. It flies all the year round, according 
to Hagen most commonly in March, and is especially fond of visiting the flowers of Poinciana pulcherrima. 
flavicollis. — flavicollis Bruce. Whilst the preceding subspecies are comparatively constant, the species is very variable 
in Borneo, and there are distinguishing marks which are not found elsewhere, so that at least 4 /s of the spe¬ 
cimens can be recognised as coming from Borneo. The collar is commonly yellowy which unfortunately has 
procured for the subspecies a name which is only suitable for a part of the individuals. H: abdomen above 
mostly with distinct brown central spots; cell of the forewing above often entirely without yellow scaling, 
the yellow spot sometimes found as in ruficollis, but often much enlarged anteriorly, beneath the anterior 
cell-spot is often so extended that half the cell is }mllow, but even in this case the small linear posterior spot 
remains separate. $ occurring in tw r o forms, a dark and a light, connected by transitions. The dark form, 
apart from the yellow collar which rarely occurs in this form, is very similar to the ruficollis but the cell- 
actinotia. spot of the forewing is anteriorly mostly somewhat larger: $-f. actirsotia form. nov. The light form, 9-f. 
olympia. Olympia Honr., has mostly a yellow collar, the cell of the forewing is entirely or for the most part white- 
grey, the vein-stripes are broad and long and those of the tw 7 o median veins likewise extend to the cell, the 
black discal spots of the himbwing mostly and the gold spot placed before the subcostal always very large. 
gardineri Fruhstorfer has introduced the following additional diesgnations according to the colouring of the collar: 
bruneicollis. H' a b. gardineri, collar red, $-ab. bruneicollis (!) (= birmeicollis Fruhst.), collar brownish, and H?' a> b- nigri- 
nigricollis. collis, collar black. P. amphrysus flavicollis is known from North and South Borneo as w^ell as Banguey; 
the light $$ possibly occur only in the north. The butterfly is common in the lowlands as v 7 ell as the moun¬ 
tains of North Borneo and much more numerous than any of the allied species. Possibly a form of amphrysus 
also occurs on Palawan. 
Nox-Group. 
Entirely without tails, or the tail short and pointed, not spatulate. Hindwing of the <$ with very 
broad, rolled-up abdominal fold, in which there is always a strongly developed scent-organ; the anal claspers normal, 
with short tooth at the tip as in the preceding group. 
The species fall into two natural subgroups: 
1. Scent-fold of the <S (when fully expanded) without long hairs at the edge; semperi, dixoni, kuehni, 
priapus, sycorax, hageni and aidoneus. 
2. Scent-fold of the J with long hairs at the edge: varuna, zaleucus and nox. 
P. semperi. Body for the most part red. Anal claspers of the H red with black ventral spot; the 
abdominal fold of the hindwing very large, with yellowish grey scaling, except at the base; upper surface 
of both wrings in the H pure velvety black, in the $ slightly lighter, the hindwing above with the markings 
of the underside only indicated or distinct, but whitish; in one form the forewing of the $ with large wdiite 
spots; beneath the hindwing with 2 rows of red spots, the anterior spots of the discal row often absent. The 
butterfly, concerning wdiose habits practically nothing is known, is found only on the Philippines (including 
Palawan), where it apparently occurs on all the islands. It flies all the year round, but nevertheless is onlj- 
melanotus. taken singly. — melanotus Stgr. (18 a) is the most primitive form as regards the colouring of the body. It 
flies on Palawan. The thorax and abdomen are black above. In the $ the hindwing has only slight indi¬ 
cations of markings above. So far as we know, only 2 He? (Museum Tring) and 1 $ (coll. Staudinger) are 
known. Palawan is thickly wooded and only accessible in a few places; collecting is also rendered much more 
albofasciata. difficult to the traveller by the hostile attitude of the inhabitants. — albofasciata Semp. Thorax and ab¬ 
domen red also above, in the $ pale. The He? of this and all the following forms do not appear to be dis¬ 
tinguishable, whilst the $$ exhibit striking differences. $: forewing with a row of very large white patches; 
hindwing with the markings of the under surface sharply developed above also, but the discal spots white, the 
semperi. submarginal ones reddish white, shaded with black. Mindoro and (according to Semper) Panay. — semperi 
Fldr. (— erythrosoma Beak.) (17 b, c). H as the preceding. $: forewing black, slightly paler on disc; 
