30 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
astorion. 
varuna. 
zaleucus. 
noctis. 
noctula. 
strix. 
banjerma- 
sinus. 
erebus. 
henricus. 
glenia. 
flies from March to December, whilst in the more southern districts, which have no winter, it occurs all the 
year round. —- astorion Westw. ($ = chara Westw.) (19 a). 3: forewing without white stripes on the under 
surface before the distal margin. the light area of the forewing on the upper surface almost pure white 
(spring specimens?) or rather strongly shaded with black-blue (summer specimens?). Sikkim to Tenasserim 
and Tonkin. Sometimes the hindwing of the $ has grey discal lunules, which are specially distinct beneath. 
— varuna White, from Penang and the Malay Peninsula, has in the 3 white stripes before the distal margin 
on the underside of the forewing; sometimes the posterior stripes are also indicated above. In the $ the 
light part of the forewing above and beneath and the vein-stripes beneath (especially at the end of the cell) 
are purer white than in astorion. 
P. zaleucus Hew. (17 c). This species has a rather limited distribution; it occurs in Burma (including 
Upper Tenasserim), the Shan States and Tonkin. Head, sides of the breast and underside of the abdomen 
red. the last as in the allied species with black markings. Wings of the 3 blue-black; hindwing before the distal 
margin with 3 white patches, which sometimes enclose small black spots. $ much paler than the 3\ hind¬ 
wing with large white discal area, which usually extends from the 1. radial to the hindmargin and is dentate 
at the veins. 
P. nox. A purely Malayan butterfly, which is known from the 3 large Sunda Islands Borneo, Su¬ 
matra and Java, the Malay Peninsula, and also from Nias and Bali. In Borneo and Sumatra both sexes occur 
in 2 forms, which have hitherto been regarded as specifically different. Head and prothorax with the ex¬ 
ception of the upperside red, and also the sides of the breast and the tip of the abdomen, the latter in the 
3 often without red spot. Wings of the 3 black, above mostly with blue gloss, the veins of the forewing 
and sometimes also of the hindwing distally striped with grey on the under surface; the scent-scales in the 
fold of the hindwing light grey, somewhat yellowish. $ brown, with or without bluish metallic gloss; either 
only the forewing or both wings with yellowish grey vein-stripes. Larva marbled with black and browm, 
the tubercles pale red, on the 6. and 7. segments a white belt, the tubercles in which are also white. Pupa: 
margin of the head dentate; lateral lobes of the thorax with three teeth, the lobes of the abdomen produced 
into a point, also the 7. and 8. abdominal segments above with a narrow pointed process at each side, the 
5.—8. segments with a small pointed hump beneath at the sides. In the lowlands and hills. The butterfly 
is a true forest species, which according to Hagen is fond of visiting the flower-umbels of a species of Pavetta 
which often blooms in the midst of the darkest primeval forests. Martin sometimes found the <33 at the 
edges of woods on the sweet-smelling, Veronica-like blue flowers of a small tree. The flight is slow, but so 
irregular that the butterfly cannot be caught in the undergrowth. — noctis Hew. (18 c), from North Borneo, 
is distinctly dimorphic especially in the $. 3 ’■ wings mostly with rather strong blue gloss, the distal margin 
of the forewing usually convex before the middle, the apex therefore very obtuse, beneath the wing bears in 
the apical third yellowish grey vein-stripes, which are sometimes indicated also above. This form is f. noctula 
Westw. (18 b). Its corresponding $-form is that described as strix Westw., in which the veins of the fore¬ 
wing (except in the basal third of the wing) and the distal third of the veins of the hindwing are striped with 
yellowish grey. The 3 °f the second form is less blue above and the forewing has also beneath no yellowish 
grey vein-stripes. Such specimens have hitherto been regarded as the true 3S °f noctis Hew. The $ placed 
with it, described by Hewitson as noctis, is striped with yellowish grey in the apical third of the forewing, 
and the stripes of the hindwing are merged together into a broad marginal band, which encloses one or two 
rows of black spots. Some specimens of the $ of f. noctula approximate to the $ of noctis. — In South 
Borneo flies banjermasinus Fruhst. Forewing of the 3 narrower than in most noctis-33 > without yellowish 
grey vein-stripes. forewing in the apical third with white vein-stripes and with blue gloss before the 
hinder angle; hindwing above blue, above and beneath at most with slight indications of grey vein-stripes. 
— erebus Wall. (18 c), from the Malay Peninsula and Penang, agrees very nearly with banjermasinus, but the 
$ appears to be always different, though only a little. The subcostal veins of the forewing of the $ and the 
1. and 2. radials are broadly striped with white, beneath the 3. radial and 1. median are also accompanied by white 
stripes; the upper surface has usually some blue gloss before the hindmargin, but less than in banjermasinus; the 
hindwing is above blue, distally black between the veins, beneath the veins are mostly very distinctly striped 
with grey before the margin, but sometimes the stripes are only indicated; the fringes of both wings white. 
— The 3 °f henricus Fruhst. (= erebus auct. ft.), from North-East Sumatra, resembles the 3 of erebus, 
except that the forewing is on the whole somewhat more blue; sometimes distinct grey vein-stripes are pre¬ 
sent on the underside of the forewing. The $ occurs in two forms connected by transitions, in both the 
fringes of the wings are usually darker than in erebus. One form resembles the erebus-Q: forewing above only 
striped with white between cell and apex, the stripes placed at the 1. and 2. radials do not reach the cell, 
sometimes all the stripes are remote from the cell, the other veins are more or less blue; the hindwing 
strongly blue, the black marginal areas smaller than in erebus, the veins above without white-grey stripes 
at the distal margin, these sometimes present beneath: $-f. glenia form. nov. The second form, $-f. hen¬ 
ricus Fruhst., is less blue, sometimes almost without blue gloss, the vein-stripes of the forewing are thinner, 
those placed at the upper radials reach the cell and the two median veins are also accompanied by more 
