34 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
two light areas somewhat larger than in the form from Borneo. Hindwing above usually with 2, more rarely 
padanganus. 3 spots, beneath mostly with 3, more rarely 2. North-East Sumatra. — padanganus Rothsch. The black trans¬ 
verse area of the forewing almost as deep black as in the Borneo form, both the proximal and distal light areas 
narrower than in sumatrana, the proximal one narrower than the black transverse area, the black basal area 
extending to the 2. median, the grey stripe placed behind the 2. median does not reach the cell, the black stripes 
before and behind this vein as long as in sumatrana. Hindwing above in the $ with 2 spots, in the $ with 3, 
beneath in the $ with 2 large spots and 1 small, and in the $ with 3 large and 2 small, besides the dot placed 
fehri. behind the 2. median. West Sumatra: Padang Bovenlanden and Padang Sidempoean. — fehri Hour. (16 c). 
The forewing very smoky, the dark oblique band much less black than in the other subspecies; hindwing with 
2 pale red spots, which above are sometimes only indicated, in a few specimens a small anterior 3. spot is also 
present in addition, either only beneath or also above. Nias. 
P. coon. Black; the head and the sides of the breast red or yellow, the abdomen beneath, laterally 
and at the tip of the same colour. Forewing narrow, smoky, the margins, veins and folds smoky black; hind¬ 
wing with spatulate tail, a spot in the cell, which sometimes entirely fills it, but often is reduced to 2 small 
streak-spots, as well as a row of spots round the cell and a row of submarginal spots white, at the extremity 
of each of the two median veins a red or yellow marginal spot. Malayan. The butterfly flies in the plains and 
in hilly country. It is a woodland species and is often taken at the flowers of tall trees. Its flight is fluttering 
but rapid. — coon F. (= hypenor Godt.) (16 b). Body and marginal spots of the hindwing yellow; the cell of 
the hindwing usually entirely or almost entirely filled up with white. Java. — In the most northern part of Java, 
in the Djapara residency, occurs patianus Fruhst. Forewing of the broader than in the preceding subspecies, 
the cell-spot of the hindwing is reduced and sometimes even entirely absent, and the other white spots are strongly 
shaded with black. — palembanganus Rothsch., from the south of Sumatra. Similar to coon, but the submarginal 
spots of the hindwing smaller, the first and last spots especially being reduced. — Specimens of coon from the 
island of Bawean agree with 'palembanganus in the reduction of the submarginal spots. — delianus Fruhst. (16 b). 
Body and marginal spots of the hindwing red or yellow-red; cell of the hindwing with 2 white streak-spots. North- 
East Sumatra. — doubledayi Wall. (16 b), from Malacca to Cachar. Spots of the hindwing larger than in deli¬ 
anus, the cell-spot very rarely divided. Specimens with reduced spots are ab. cacharensis Btlr. In the specimens 
of doubledayi from Lower Burma and Tenasserim both the cell-spot and the first spot (placed before the cell) 
are larger on an average than in those from Malacca and Penang. — sambilatiga Doll, occurs on Great Nicobar; 
according to Doherty rather common. The spot placed behind the cell on the hindwing short, both the anterior 
and the posterior red marginal spot united with the corresponding submarginal spot, as in P. rhodifer. 
rhodifer. P. rhodifer Btlr. (16c). Costal and distal margins of the forewing almost parallel; the wing even in 
the $ considerably narrower than in P. coon; the white spots in and at the cell of the hindwing purer white; the 
two red marginal spots large, united with the submarginal spots, the tip of the tail red. — Andaman Islands; 
common. 
coon. 
patianus. 
palem¬ 
banganus. 
delianus. 
doubledayi. 
cacharensis. 
sambilanga. 
Hector-Group. 
With or without tail. Cell of the hindwing about three times as long as broad, much less elongated than 
in the preceding group. The scent-fold of the S weakly developed or absent, without scent-wool, but sometimes 
with narrow scent-scales; the anal claspers aborted, but the harpe present. 
In the species without scent-fold ( hector , jophon, pandiyana, oreon and liris ) the hindmargin of the hind¬ 
wing is curved downwards in the S as in the ?. 
hector. P. hector L. (= heroicus Fruhst.) (15 a). Head, collar, sides of the breast and the abdomen with the 
exception of the dorsal plates of the anterior segments red; forewing with two white macular bands, a central 
one running from the costa to the anal angle and a short apical one; hindwing with two rows of red spots. The 
$ paler than the <$, especially the red parts of the body and the spots of the hindwing. The full-grown larva 
brown-black with red tubercles, without oblique band at the sides but with four small reddish white spots on 
the 6. and 7. segments; on Aristolochia indica. Pupa greyish yellow, the wing-cases strongly projecting.— 
From Ceylon to Bengal; also recorded from Chittagong on the north-east side of the Bay of Bengal. The butter¬ 
fly is very common and is often found on low flowering bushes and plants. Euton states that in autumn, at the 
beginning of the cold season, the butterfly betakes itself at sunset to trees where it spends the night in hundreds 
together on the underside of hanging twigs towards their tip, as do many Danaids. hector is commonest in low 
places, but is found singly even at elevations of over 5000 ft. 
jophon. P. jophon Gray (15 a). This species is confined to Ceylon; it is local, but not rare where it occurs, in 
hilly country from 2000 to 4000 ft. Most easily caught early in the morning; after sunrise it flies high above 
