PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
35 
the trees. Palpi, sides of the breast and tip of the abdomen red; forewing black, the disc from the point of origin 
of the 2. median white-grey, semitransparent, this area encroaching on the cell and broken up into spots by the 
black veins and internervular folds; hindwing with large grey-white area, which is cut off straight proximally 
and consists of a large cell-spot and 7 spots placed round the cell, a row of red submarginal spots, which are 
darkened above and rose-red beneath. The $ with broader wings than the <$, otherwise very similar to it. Larva 
purple-black, with red tubercles, on the 6. segment a yellowish white oblique band, both the tubercles 
placed in the band also yellowish white. Egg yellow-brown. 
P. pandiyana Moore (15 a). Similar to the preceding species, much paler, the black distal margin 
of the forewing narrower, also the black stripes between the radial and median veins extending nearly to the 
cell. The $ has broader wings than the also the subcostal white spot of the hindwing is reduced and some¬ 
times entirely absent. — A South Indian species, common in the hilly country of Travancore and in the Nil- 
giris at a height of 1—3000 ft. It flies in the neighbourhood of the evergreen jungle and appears early in the 
morning in order to drink at flowers, before which it hovers with a fanning motion of the wings, like the allied 
species. 
P. oreon. Head, the posterior abdominal segments and the margins of the preceding segments, as well 
as the sides of the breast at the base of the wings red, the head often pale red. Wings more elongated than 
in pandiyana, especially the hindwing, and its cell much narrower, the tail very feebly spatulate, the grey- 
white central area of the hindwing, which is shaded with black above, somewhat obliquely cut off basad, the 
submarginal spots beneath purer red, the black basal area of the forewing does not reach the 2. median, and 
the cell is almost entirely transparent, with 4 black lines. The butterfly is hitherto only known from Sumba 
and Alor, but probably also occurs on the neighbouring islands or at least on Flores. — oreon Doh. (15 b). The 
black basal area of the forewing extends below the cell about to 2 /3 of the distance from the base to the 2. median 
and the central area of the hindwing is distally rather strongly shaded with black and also of a dull colour other¬ 
wise. Sumba. — godmani Bob. flies on Alor. The base of the forewing is less extended black and the central 
area of the hindwing is less darkened and more sharply defined, also the 6. submarginal spot above is mostly 
less strongly blackened and the cell-spot often larger. 
P. liris. The black basal area of both wings cut off straight and reaching to the base of the 2. median; 
distal margin of the forewing more broadly blackened than in oreon, the median band of the hindwing distally 
almost straight, its distal margin somewhat curved outwards in the middle; the hindwing without black discal 
spot before the subcostal, also the corresponding red or grey-yellow submarginal'spot merged together with the 
median band, rarely separated, and the posterior submarginal spots placed further from the distal margin than 
in oreon. In many forms the red of the body and hindwing is replaced by greyish yellow; the form from Kisser 
is the transition between the forms with red and those with dirty yellow markings. On all the islands between 
Timor and Timourlaut, including Wetter and Savu. The butterfly appears to occur all the year round. — liris 
Godt. (15 b). Abdomen red and black; the submarginal spots of the hindwing red, the median band above and 
beneath grey-yellow. Timor, the specimens in the Tring Museum caught in May, July, and November to Decem¬ 
ber. — gaetus Fruhst. (= savuanus Bothsch.). Median band of the upperside of the hindwing thickly shaded 
with black, with the exception of very few specimens; the band beneath in all specimens somewhat paler grey 
than in liris. The specimens in which the band is not blackened are ab. pseudoliris Fruhst. Savu Island, our 
series taken in August. — wetterensis Bothsch. (15 b). Deeper black than liris, the median band of the hind¬ 
wing much narrower and above shaded with black, the red spot placed before the abdominal margin very long. 
Wetter, the specimens in the Tring Museum taken in May. — senescens Bob. Similar to liris, but the abdomen 
and the submarginal spots of the hindwing paler red. Kisser. — pallidus Bothsch. A pale form; the body and 
the submarginal spots of the hindwing greyish yellow instead of red; wings above paler than in the preceding 
subspecies, the median band of the hindwing above strongly shaded with blackish. Letti and Moa, apparently 
very common. — aberrans Btlr. (= navigator Fruhst., damaricus Fruhst., velificatus Fruhst.). Much less smoky 
than pallidus, the semitransparent central part of the forewing and the median band of the hindwing less blackened, 
also the submarginal spots of the hindwing stand out more distinctly than the veins and have on the under sur¬ 
face mostly a slightly reddish tone, as has also the tip of the abdomen. Tenimber, Dammer, Roma and Babber; 
common on Tenimber. The differences mentioned by Fruhstorfer between the specimens from the various is¬ 
lands are not confirmed by the specimens before us. 
P. polyphontes. Head, the tip of the abdomen and beneath and laterally also the margins of the other 
abdominal segments red. Forewing in the middle broadly white, this area not reaching the hindmargin and 
intersected by black veins and folds. Hindwing with broad tail; a white or reddish white central area composed 
of a cell-spot (cut off straight towards the base) and 5—7 spots placed round the cell, the veins intersecting 
it rather broadly black; submarginal spots above shaded with black, beneath vivid red, the anterior one entirely 
white and the others at least edged with white. As in all the allied species the ^ paler than the <$. The latter 
pandiyana. 
oreon. 
godmani. 
liris. 
gaetus. 
pseudoliris. 
wetterensis. 
senescens. 
pallidus. 
aberrans. 
