38 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
P. aristolochiae. The tip and sides of the abdomen and the margins of the ventral segments red, and 
also the sides of the breast and the head. Forewing from the base to about the 2. median and at the margins 
black, the disc usually more or less lighter, with black fold-stripes. Hindwing with spatulate tail, which is 
sometimes reduced to a tooth, and red submarginal spots, which above are more or less strongly shaded with 
black; in the middle often a white area. The $ paler and with broader wings than the <$. Larva black, with 
red fleshy tubercles; on the 6. segment, which bears the l.pair of prolegs, a white girth; the tubercles in this 
likewise white; according to Martin the milk-white girth is sometimes wanting in Sumatra; on Aristolochia 
indica and bracteata (according to Hagen also on Piperaceae). Pupa with 4 pairs of rounded lobes on the ab¬ 
domen, the lateral lobes of the thorax likewise rounded. A common butterfly, which flies especially in the plains 
and hills and seldom ascends above 4000 ft. It occurs from the Loo Choo Islands, West China and Ceylon east¬ 
wards and southwards to the Lesser Sunda Islands, in w r ooded districts and in gardens, but not in thick forests. 
Its flight is slow and heavy. The butterfly visits flowers and is sometimes taken in crowds on flowering trees, 
especially in the early morning. The peculiar distribution of the tw r o principal types in which the butterfly occurs, 
camorta. the black and the wdrite-spotted type, is very interssting. — camorta Moore (16 a), from the Nicobars. Hind¬ 
wing with a white spot at the cell between the two median veins and a red one behind it; on the under surface 
ceylonicus. in addition two smaller spots at the apex of the cell and a third in the cell. — ceylonicus Moore. Forewing at 
least beneath very light, the black stripe placed behind the 2. median almost always shortened; the wEite spots 
of the hindwing close to the cell, the middle ones distally rounded off, the cell usually wdth a white spot. Ab- 
aristolochiae domen of the $ with the exception of the last segment mostly entirely black above. Ceylon. — aristolochiae F. 
(= polidorus Cr., polvdorus Godt. nec L.) (16 a). Forewing from the base to beyond the point of'origin of the 
2. median black, the stripes placed between the 2. median and the hindmargin rarely shortened; hindwing alw T ays 
with white spots but always without cell-spot; the spot placed behind the 2. median on the under surface not 
diphilus. emarginate on the side nearest this vein. In f. diphiius Esp. the white spots are placed near to the cell, w'hilst 
in f. aristolochiae F. they are reduced from the basal side and therefore remote from the cell. The small-spotted 
specimens fly at the same time with the large-spotted ones, but appear to be the commoner form during the hot 
rainy season (summer). Moore erroneously regarded the large-spotted specimens as ,,wet form. 11 South, North- 
West and North-East India. The butterfly is called in Calcutta Bose Butterfly on account of its strong scent. — 
adaeus. In West, Central and East China southwards to about Fu-chow flies adaeus Rothsch. Very similar to the preced¬ 
ing subspecies, but the $ paler, the hindwing in both sexes longer and the white spots differently developed. 
These spots usually small, but placed near the cell, the spot before the 1. median usually to '/? and never more 
interpositus. than */3 as long as its distance from the corresponding submarginal spot. — interpositus Fruhst. is the usual form 
on Formosa. It has large submarginal i^pots on the hindwing; the white band is placed near to the cell without 
entering it, and the spot placed before the 1. median is about as long as its distance from the corresponding sub¬ 
marginal spot, or somewhat shorter. On the forewing the dark basal area extends beyond the base of the 2. median; 
formosensis. the $ is mostly very pale above. According to Dr. Rebel a black form also occurs on Formosa: formosensis Reb. 
Similar to lombockensis, forewing in the distal part not pale, the red submarginal spots on the underside of the 
hindwing thin, some of them also developed above; tail long, spatulate. Whether formosensis and interpositus 
rhodopis. fly in the same districts or are geographically separated, is not known to us. — rhodopis Rothsch., from the Liu 
Kiu Islands (= Loo Choo), is very similar to interpositus, but on the under surface of the hindwing the 1. white 
spot anteriorly and the 2. and 3. are shaded with red in the centre between the veins at least at the margins. — 
rjoniopeltis. goniopeltis Rothsch. From Hong-Ivong southwards to Siam, Burma and Tenasserim flies a form which recalls 
the Philippine subspecies philippus. On the forewing the black basal area extends to the point of origin of the 
2. median; between this area and the black distal margin the wing is very pale beneath; the white spots of the 
hindwing are ahvays placed at the cell and very rarely reduced, the one before the 1. median is usually pointed 
and mostly very long, many specimens have a small cell-spot; on the underside the last spot is usually entirely 
red, also the veins separating the spots are frequently reddish, as well as the spots themselves. The tip of the 
asteris. abdomen is on the whole more extended red than in ceylonicus. — asteris Rothsch., from the Malay Peninsula 
and the island of Penang. On the whole smaller than the preceding subspecies, the abdomen fully as red, the 
upper surface of the wings deeper black, the $ almost as dark as the $; the white spots of the hindwing close to 
the cell, usually narrow, the spot placed before the 1. median always shorter than its distance from the corre¬ 
sponding submarginal spot; the 1. discal spot often absent, always linear if present and placed close to the cell; 
the 2. and 3. spots likewise often linear, the cell above often and beneath usually with small spot; the submarginal 
antiphus. spots small. — antiphus F. Hindwing without white spots, tail spatulate. Sumatra, Nias, Natuna Islands, 
Borneo and Djampea (south of Celebes). On the Natuna Islands single specimens also occur which are 
very similar to the subspecies of aristolochiae from Siam, Burma, Tonkin, etc., but the hairs on the frons are 
strongly mixed with black, the hindwing bears three long white spots and one of our two specimens (($<$) has 
also another small white dot before the 2. radial; in this specimen the tail is spatulate, in the other short and 
narrow, wdrich is also the case in some black specimens from the Natunas. The white-spotted form is probably 
atavus. a reversion: ab. atavus ah. nov. In the Tring Museum there are also a number of specimens from Bunguran (Natuna 
Islands) in which the wdrite markings are only indicated. In ab. atavus the red submarginal spots are larger 
than in most specimens of antiphus, also the spot placed behind the white markings is large. Black specimens 
