PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
45 
which, however, is much rarer than paradoxa; only the E known: the submarginal spots of both wings larger 
than in aegialus and mendax ; the white stripes of the hindwing narrow, recalling the fj? of mendax, two of these 
stripes before the cell. 
Castor Group. 
Forewing on the 2. discocellular with a white dot, which is sometimes only developed beneath. Both 
sexes or only the $ Euploea-like, entirely without blue gloss. Tailless, but often with a distinctly projecting 
tooth at the 3. radial; the upper surface of both wings, and beneath the apex of the cell of the forewing and 
the whole of the hindwing more or less thickly dusted with yellowish scales; ground-colour black or blackish 
brown, all the markings white, at most the anal part of the hindwing distinctly yellow; the white subdorsal dots 
of the abdomen always present; the marginal spots of the hindwing thinner than those of the forewing. The 
larva as in P. polytes with oblique bands, when full-grown entirely without the rows of spines of the clytia and 
agestor groups; the pupa also not almost cylindrical as in these, but broad in the middle, with the anterior part 
rather strongly curved upwards. A connecting link between clytia on the one side and canopus, Helenas, polytes, 
pitmani, etc., on the other. 
P. dravidarum Wood-Mas. (= abrisa Kirby) (31 cl). Porewing with a row of large, yellowish white 
submarginal spots. Hindwing with a complete row of discal and submarginal spots; the discal patches remote 
from the cell, proximally pointed, distally emarginate, the submarginal spots lunular. The $ quite similar 
to the E- The larva with a pair of small humps on each of the last two segments, the segment-incisions blue, 
with the exception of the 4. and 5. segments, where they are black; thorax with a spectacle-like band, all the 
segments except the first with 2 blue dots at each side, abdomen with 2 oblique green bands, which are only 
slightly prominent, above the legs a- white longitudinal stripe. Homs on the head of the pupa strongly produced, 
the wing-cases projecting. Food-plant: Glycosmis pentaphylla. — South-India: Travancore, Mysore, Nilghiri 
Hills, etc. At lower elevations in the hills, the E rather common. At the end of the rainy season near the ever¬ 
green jungle; during the cold season the butterfly is often met with in the beds of rivers, where it flies up and 
down and quite gives the impression of a Euploea. 
P. castor. Forewing in the E without submarginal spots or these quite small. The $ paler than 
the E> the submarginal spots of the forewing likewise small, or the anterior ones much larger than the pos¬ 
terior. — polias subsp. nov. differs from the nymotypical form from Assam only in the The forewing 
of the $ bears beneath and often also on ihe upper surface diffuse grey spots from the lower angle of the 
cell to the hindmargin; the hindwing is for the most part occupied by broad, diffuse grey streaks, which 
above extend almost, and beneath quite to the base, so that also the cell at least beneath is entirely filled 
up with grey. The E brownish black with 4 large yellowish white discal patches on the hindwing above, 
the marginal tooth of the 3. radial distinctly projecting. Sikkim, all through the summer in lower elevations, 
up to about 3000 ft.; Burma. — castor Westw. ($ = pollux Westiv.) (29c). The E appears not to differ 
from specimens from Sikkim. Examples occur, among normal in which the hindwing has a complete 
row of white submarginal spots on both surfaces, and sometimes in such specimens there are 5 discal spots 
and traces of a 6. and 7. spot on the upperside. The Tring Museum possesses 2 such E<$ from Cherrapunji 
(Assam); they connect castor with mehala: E~ ab. mesites ab. nov. In the $ the hindwing is much less extended 
grey than in the Sikkim form; the cell is either entirely brown or only indistinctly grey at the apex; on 
the disc a broad band of large grey or yellowish white patches, which mostly are also rather sharply defined 
proximally. Assam. — dioscurus subsp. nov. Only 4 EJ> known to me: The band of the hindwing above 
and beneath consists of three or four patches, which are smaller than in the two preceding forms; the 2. and 
3. patches only as long as, or shorter than their distance from the distal margin. Than Moi, Tonkin (H. 
Fruhstorfer). — mehala Grose-Smith. E without distinctly projecting tooth at the 3. radial of the hindwing; 
the submarginal spots of this wing well developed also above; the 2.—4. discal patches larger than the follow¬ 
ing ones, the latter often absent. $ on the forewing with a complete row of submarginal spots, of which 
the anterior ones are the largest; on the hindwing a row of grey, somewhat diffuse discal patches and a 
row of large white submarginal lunules. Lower Burma and the adjoining districts of Tenasserim. — maha- 
deva Moore (= maheswara Fruhst.) (31 d). E : the hindwing always with a complete row of discal patches, 
of which the anterior ones are less enlarged than in mehala and castor, the submarginal spots likewise all 
developed. The $ marked similarly to the E> 011 the forewing the discocellular spot and the submarginal 
spots larger, on the hindwing the discal spots shaded with brown. Upper Tenasserim, Shan States, Siam 
and the east side of the Malay Peninsula. Very similar to P. dravidarum, but easy to distinguish by the 
small submarginal spots of the forewing. — Fruhstorfer has described as phanrangensis a specimen ($) from 
South Annam, which is ,,sufficiently characterised by the more rounded wings, the small size and the reduced 
macular bands of the hindwing 11 . The discal band of the hindwing almost effaced. Unknown to me in 
nature. —- In the Museum at Singapore are 2 specimens from Selangore which have no submarginal spots 
dravidarum. 
polias. 
castor. 
mesites. 
dioscurus. 
mehala. 
mahadeva. 
phanran¬ 
gensis. 
