PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
47 
Solomon Islands; in the interior of the island, a few miles from the coast, the butterfly is rather common 
in low situations. An Alcidis similar to toboroi does not appear to occur on Bougainville, on the other hand 
Meek sent a series of a species of Dysphania which, in spite of its smaller size, bears quite the same aspect 
as the Papilio. toboroi differs from laglaizei in neuration and in the genitalia as well as in the markings. 
Anactus Group. 
Palpi and forecoxae orange, the posterior segments of the abdomen (except the anal claspers) pale 
yellow; cell of the forewing with grey-white apical spot and larger patch in the middle. — A mimetic offshoot 
from the next group. 
P. anactus Mac Leay (24 c). Body black, with pale yellow spots, the last segments of the abdomen anactus. 
almost entirely pale yellow. Forewing elongated, with very long cell, brown-black, a large patch in the middle 
of the cell, a smaller one at its apex and a band of large discal patches white, dusted with blackish, a row 
of rounded submarginal spots white. The hindwing darker than the forewing, with large white central area, 
which extends from the costal margin to the hindmargin and encloses a black discocellular lunule; the sub¬ 
margined spots red, distally to the white area some blue spots. Under surface as upper. The $ quite 
similar to the The larva on Citrus, in the earlier stages resembling bird-droppings, with 2 rows of long- 
processes bearing spines, on the thorax in addition 2 shorter humps. When full-grown black, with 3 rows 
of pale yellow patches, one on the back and one at each side, the lateral patches of the 4. segment small; 
2 rows of black spikes, laterally from which on the meso- and metathorax another black hump is placed; 
scent-fork orange. Pupa almost cylindrical, with scarcely projecting wing-cases, the horns of the head 
strongly produced, on the innerside with two tubercles, the thoracic horn short, on the back 2 rows of small 
humps. The butterfly resembles Acraea andromache on the wing; in cultivated districts, where Citrus grows 
in the gardens, in several broods from October to March; the larva is also sometimes found on Buta, but 
prefers the imported species of Citrus to all the indigenous plants. — North Queensland to New South Wales. 
2. Non-mimetic Forms and Mimics of Aristolochia Papilios. 1 ) 
Apart from the upperside of the head and prothorax and the palpi, the body in the Indo-Australian 
forms has no white dots, and there are no small white spots present at the base of the wings beneath. The SS 
are only mimetic in a few cases ( canopus , bootes, janaka) ; the of a number of species are polymorphic 
( memnon, polytes, aegeus, etc.). 
Demoleus Group. 
Body beneath entirely yellow, or at most with black lines; the base of the cell of the forewing beneath 
striped with pale yellow; the greater part of the hindwing or at least a large central area pale yellow. — The 
species of this group show close affinities in various directions. Whilst machaon has a series of allied species 
in America and demoleus in Africa, euchenor is doubtless closely related to gigon. 
P. machaon occurs in the Indian region in three geographical forms. In the north-west of the region, 
from Kashmir to Nepal, occurs asiatica Men. (vol. I, 6 b). This form has always very broad black bands asiatica. 
and differs from dark South European machaon, which are sphyrus Hbn., principally in that the yellow-dusted 
discal band of the hindwing beneath is much narrower at the 3. radial (which supports the tail) than 
in the European form. Very common everywhere in the north-west Himalayas, in the valleys from February 
to October, in the mountains not until March or April, from 2000 to 14,000 ft. The short-tailed specimens 
from Kashmir, which occur especially at higher elevations, are ladakensis Moore. The larva feeds on Um- 
belliferae (Daucus, Foeniculum, etc.) and is not distinguishable from European larvae. At lower and medium 
altitudes at least two broods. The summer butterflies are larger than those which emerge from the hiber¬ 
nated pupae in the spring. The name pendjabensis Eimer refers to small specimens of asiatica. — sikki- sikkimens 
mensis Moore occurs at elevations in Sikkim and Bhotan, and is especially common in the adjoining districts 
of Tibet, i. e. on the Palaearctic territory. The black bands in both sexes very broad; the blue crescent 
on the anal eyespot of the hindwing is separated from the red spot by a curved black mark. The larva 
on Umbelliferae, still undescribed. — verityi Fruhst. (= archias Fruhst., birmanicus Bothsch.) (32 c) flies verityi. 
in Upper Burma, the Shan States, West Yunnan and the adjoining parts of East Tibet, and differs from 
sikkimensis chiefly in the much narrower discal band of both wings. The tail is long; the abdominal margin 
') Only a few forms of P. canopus, which leads over to the castor group, are mimics of Euploeids. 
