56 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
andama- 
nicus. 
dayacus. 
prexaspes. 
pertinax. 
minor. 
porrothenus. 
Inpathus. 
o mbir anus. 
fuscus. 
cinereoma- 
culatus. 
castaneus. 
to the abdominal margin or is shortened, being beneath sometimes entirely absent; distally to this band above 
almost always indistinct spots of scattered scales, beneath always at least some blue discal spots present; the 
submarginal spots yellowish red; the stripes in the cell of both wings somewhat indistinct, the cell of the hindwing 
beneath mostly strewed with light scales similarly to the base of the subcostal area. The forewing commonly 
with a white, not sharply defined discal band, which is sometimes widened anteriorly into a broad area, which 
occasionally is alone developed. The $ similar to the but paler, the markings mostly larger. The eggs laid 
singly upon Citrus leaves near their tips on the upper or under surface, light green or pale yellow. Larva when 
young dirty green, anteriorly and posteriorly whitish, with black Y-spot in the middle of the back; at each end 
of the back a row of small white spines; head glossy black. The full-grown larva very variable in colour, 
usually brown-red mixed with yellow and olive-green, the underside pale greenish or whitish, posteriorly at the 
thorax begins.an oblique lateral band, smaller oblique lateral spots also on some other segments, the pronotum 
and the 11. segment with a pair of tubercles. The pupa glossy green, beneath in the middle strongly convex, 
dorsally only very feebly incurved, with short thoracic horn, the wing-cases uniformly projecting, the contour 
of the pupa viewed from above forming almost a parallelogram, the head truncate and produced into a point 
at each side. The butterflies in open forests with undergrowth. Distributed from the Andamans to the Solomon 
Islands, but wanting on Sumatra, Java and the small Sunda Islands, and also on the Philippines, — andama- 
nicus Rothsch. (22 b). Until recently united with prexaspes. The forewing on the upper surface and beneath 
on the disc, as well as the basal half of the hindwing beneath, more thickly dusted with yellowish; the 4. patch 
of the yellowish white area of the hindwing shorter than in the two next forms; above no orange-coloured anal 
spot; under surface of the hindwing with a blue spot at the distal side of each discal patch. In the £ the fore¬ 
wing has beneath a white band, which is indistinct behind the middle. Andamans. — dayacus Rothscli. the 
hindwing above with distinct 4. discal spot, beneath the 3. and 4. patches do not reach the cell, the 3 lowest 
patches of the white band large. forewing above with narrow diffuse white band, which reaches the hind- 
margin and is very much widened distally to the apex of the cell; beneath the band purer white and the cell with 
a white spot in the apex; the yellow-white band of the hindwing is broad, prolonged to the abdominal margin, 
and enters the cell; the marginal and submarginal spots of the under surface large. North and South Borneo. — 
prexaspes Fldr. occurs in the Malay Peninsula. On the under surface of the hindwing the 6 anterior blue discal 
spots, if present at all, are very small, the 5. and 6. white discal spots are smaller than the 1., and the 1. does 
not extend beyond the lower extremity of the 3. The $ not known to me. — pertinax Wall. metagenes 
Fruhst.). Costal margin of the forewing strongly curved; on the forewing a yellowish white discal band which 
at least beneath is distinct before the hindmargin, gradually disappears anteriorly and varies very much both 
in length and breadth; the white area of the hindwing above does not reach the cell, it consists of 3 patches, to 
which often a 4., diffuse, patch is added, sometimes the area is connected with the abdominal margin by sparse 
grey scaling. In small specimens the costal margin of the forewing is generally less strongly curved than in large 
ones. The name ab. minor Oberth. refers to small specimens. In all the localities pertinax varies considerably 
in the markings, especially on the under surface. Sangir and Talaut Islands, the whole of Celebes, Salayer, 
Toekan Bessi and Sulla Islands. — porrothenus subsp. nov. Shape of the wings similar to that of pertinax; fore¬ 
wing 38 to 52 mm long; the yellowish white area of the hindwing above posteriorly produced into a thin band, 
which usually reaches the abdominal margin, the 3. patch much longer than its distance from the distal margin 
(usually twice or even three times as long); the submarginal spots of the hindwing beneath small and pale, also 
in the often almost all wanting, the 7. small or not developed at all. Kalao and Dyampea (= Djampea), 
south of Celebes; a number of UU and 1 $ collected by A. Everett in December 1895. — lapathus Fruhst., from 
the North Moluccas: Morty, Halmaheira, Ternate and Batjan. Porewing beneath, sometimes also above, before 
the hindmargin with a narrow discal band, which disappears anteriorly or widens distally to the apex of the cell 
into a broad but indistinctly defined light patch, distally at the apex of the cell no distinct white spots are 
present; both wings, but especially the hindwing, shorter than in the race from the South Moluccas; the yellow¬ 
ish white area of the hindwing varies in length and breadth, and the yellowish grey or blue scaling placed distally 
to it is not condensed into such distinct spots as is usually the case in the subspecies from the South Moluccas. 
Sometimes the tail is reduced to a short stump. — oinbiranus Rothsch. (23 a) flies on the various islands of the 
Obi Group. Forewing with large, triangular, white area distally to the apex of the cell, this area, which is very 
seldom absent, usually produced posteriorly into a narrow, indistinct band, which mostly reaches the hindmargin; 
the white area of the hindwing large, reaching to the hindmargin or at least the 2. median, the anterior veins 
which intersect it not black, the yellowish grey or bluish dusting distally to the band only weakly developed. 
— fuscus Goeze (= madanus Fruhst.) (22 c). Forewing without discal band, or, if one is present, with white 
patches distally to the apex of the cell, the costal margin less strongly curved than in pertinax; the band of the 
hindwing consists of at least 4 patches, it is usually produced into a point posteriorly and very frequently enters 
the cell. Three principal forms, which are connected by transitions: f. cinereomaculatus Goeze: forewing with 
white spots distally to the apex of the cell, sometimes with a band extending to the hindmargin; f. fuscus 
Goeze (= severus Cram.): forewing without white spots distally to the apex of the cell, the band of the hind¬ 
wing posteriorly running to a point, often entering the cell; f. castaneus Goeze: forewing without white 
spots; the band of the hindwing shortened, narrow, consisting of 4 spots. We formerly referred the name 
