60 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
shortened white submarginal band; the ochreous submarginal lunules of the hindwing beneath very small. 
Assam, the locality however is doubtful. Not known to me in nature; is it different from bazilanus ? 
sakontala. P. sakontala Hew. (32 c). <$: both wings narrower than in P. hipponous and P. polytes. Forewing 
with narrow marginal spots and grey discal stripes, without the band of P. hipponous; hindwing with a 
discal band composed of separated patches more or less strongly dusted with black, in which the 4. and 5. 
spots are the longest; the reddish submarginal spots of the hindwing beneath are very small, some of them 
not developed. — A rare North Indian species, of which so far only a few specimens have been found; from 
Mussourie eastwards to the Naga Hills in Upper Assam. 
jordani. P. jordani Fruhst. Brownish black. Forewing from the 5. subcostal backwards with chalk-white 
marginal spots, the first two small, the others large, the 4. and 5. nailhead-shaped. Hindwing with discal 
macular band and large marginal spots, all chalk-white, but the marginal spots, as well as those on the 
forewing, above dusted with black; the discal spots very large, especially the 3.—5.; submarginal spots 
wanting. Both wings elongated, the hindwing strongly dentate, but without tail. — 1 in coll. Fruhstorfer, 
probably from Celebes. 
walkeri. P. walkeri Jans. (32 c). Only 1 known. Forewing with grey discal stripes and white marginal 
spots. On the upper surface of the hindwing a diffuse, broad grey-blue discal band and a complete row 
of blue-grey submarginal spots; beneath the submarginal spots are yellowish, the blue discal band is reduced 
to spots and on the proximal side of the posterior blue spots are placed yellow ones; the tail short, not spatul- 
ate. — South India; in the Bring Museum. 
Polytes Group. 
Sexes different. The $$ mimics of Aristolochia-Papilios, in P. polytes polymorphic and one of the 
$-forms similar to the Closely connected with the preceding group by P. canopus, hipponous, sakontala, etc., 
and with the following one by P. ambrax. 
P. polytes. Palpi pure white at the sides. : black, forewing with white marginal spots which 
are narrower at the distal margin than towards the disc, after the manner of a nail-head; hindwing with 
white, rarely yellowish discal band outside the cell, which consists of spots of about equal size and is almost 
the same beneath as above. The $ occurs in 3 principal forms: the cyrus-iorm is very similar to the 
the theseus-ioxm has on the hindwing red discal patches instead of white ones; and the polytes-iorm bears 
white discal patches on the hindwing. In all the $$ of the 2. and 3. form the forewing is black from 
the base to the 1. or 2. median and at the distal margin, the posteriorly narrowed central area lighter 
and traversed by black vein- and fold-stripes, the distal margin distinctly undulate, with thin white fringe- 
spots. Distributed from North-West India, West China and the Loo-Choo Islands southwards and east¬ 
wards to the Moluccas and Timor with the neighbouring islands; not yet known from Tenimber. The larva 
lives principally on species of Citrus, but also occurs on other trees, as Murraya, Triphasia, Zanthoxylum; 
when young similar to bird-droppings, the full-grown larva green, the thoracic legs reddish, prolegs pale 
green, above the legs a white longitudinal stripe, on the thorax a transverse band, which terminates at 
each side in a black spot, behind the thorax a second belt which is joined to the white lateral stripes, in 
the middle of the body two oblique bands, all white with brown or green spots. The pupa olive-brown, with 
brown, green and yellow spots and stripes, the underside of the abdomen milk-white, or the whole pupa.green; 
the horns on the head short, obtuse, rather widely separated, the thoracic horn short, the dorsum at the base 
of the abdomen rather strongly incurved, the wing-cases moderately protruding (the figure in Moore, Lep. 
Indica Tab. 462 is not correct). One of the commonest Indo-Malayan Papilios; everywhere in open woods 
and in gardens, at low elevations, in the Himalayas up to about 6000 ft. The flight of the $ is very swift, 
restless, oscillating, whilst the $ sails more slowly and in this also resembles those Aristolochia-Papilios to 
which it approximates in the markings. P. polytes is fond of visiting flowers, but is never found at wet 
places on the roads. The different $-forms fly at the same time, but are not equally common, also in some 
districts only one or two forms occur. The geographical forms are in general not sharply distinguished. 
We differentiate two groups of forms: 1) The $ has blue scales on the under surface at the distal side of 
the posterior white discal spots' in the forms which are distributed from the Loo-Choo Islands southwards 
over India and the large and small Sunda Islands as far as Babber, wdiilst 2) these blue scales are extremely 
rarely present in those forms which inhabit the Moluccas, the Sulla Islands, North Celebes and the Phil¬ 
ippines. In North Borneo both groups of forms appear to fly. The larvae of the two groups are said to 
be distinguished by this (is it constant?), that the saddle-spot in the first group is open above and in the 
polytes. second closed. — polytes L. (= borealis Fldr., polycles Fruhst., pasikrates Fruhst.). <$: the band of the hind¬ 
wing mostly narrow, the spots usually rather widely separated; in the spring specimens the submarginal 
borealis, spots of the hindwing beneath are red and rather large: ^-f. borealis Fldr. (see vol. I, pi. 5 c), whilst in the 
pammon. summer specimens they are mostly white, some of them often wanting: ,^-f. pammon L. (31 a). Among 
depicta l a ^ er form occur examples which have no submarginal spots at all and have received the unfortunately 
mundane, chosen name ^-f. depicta Fruhst. The $ occurs in three principal forms: $-f. mandane Botlisch. (— ocha 
