72 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
wing-cases yellow; horns on the head strongly projecting, the wing-cases broad, the first 3 abdominal seg¬ 
ments above them rough, the 3. segment triangularly widened laterally. On Citrus. Dr. Martin has bred 
tailless $$ from the green eggs of a tailed $. Distributed from South Japan and North India to Borneo 
and the small Sunda Islands; wanting in South India and on Ceylon, where the species is replaced by P. 
polymnestor. The butterfly is very common and occurs in the northern districts from the spring to the autumn 
and in the southern localities all the year round; in lower elevations, in the Himalayas up to 7000 ft. It 
occurs everywhere near the settlements and in open woods. The $ visits flowers, but is never met with 
on moist places on the roads; its flight is swift and restless, whilst the sluggish $ sails more slowly and is 
thunbergi. therefore easier to catch. — The most northerly race is thunbergi Sieb, from Iviu Shiu, whose spring form 
pryeri. has recently been designated by Fruhstorfer f. temp. mela. — pryeri Bothsch. (30 b) flies on the Loo Choo 
Islands. $: the grey-blue stripes of the upper surface narrow and the posterior stripes of the hindwing 
far removed from the margin. Spring specimens as in the preceding race have a red basal spot on the upper 
surface of the hindwing. The $ only in one fairly constant form: forewing with white double stripes be¬ 
tween the veins, so that the disc, especially the posterior part, appears almost pure white with black stripes; 
hindwing as in the $ with distinctly projecting tooth at the 3. radial, with a discal row of 5—7 large white 
patches and sometimes some white scales in the apex of the cell, the marginal spots above scarcely indicated, 
agenor. with the exception of the posterior two, which are reddish. — agenor L. (q = androgeus Cr., mestor Hbn.) 
(30 a). This subspecies, which is polymorphic in the $, shows charcteristic differences in every geographical 
district, but the totality of the individuals from one district is not separable from the totality of the ex¬ 
amples from another, since the various districts have all some forms in common. In the normal $<3 the 
forewing above and beneath and the hindwing above are broad-striped; the under surface of the hindwing 
is more or less red in the anal part, sometimes this colour extends to the costal margin, rarely no red at 
all is present, and often there is a blue macular band on this side, sometimes some of the stripes of the fore¬ 
wing beneath are also glossy blue; in spring specimens of the northern districts the upper surface of the 
forewing has usually a red basal spot. In ab. heronus Fruhst. the stripes of the forewing beneath are reduced 
in length and breadth; here belong all the examples known to me from Formosa, but specimens with a si- 
primigenius. milar development of these stripes are also met with in other districts. <J-ab. primigenius Bothsch. (27 a) is 
an aberration recalling P. polymnestor by the condensation of the light blue scaling on the upper surface 
of the hindwing and has the black submarginal spots especially heavily margined with white-blue; only 
polym- k n0W n to me from Sikkim and the Khassia Hills in Assam. Still more peculiar is ab. polymnestoroides 
HCStOVOl(l6S. . . x r J 
Moore (32 c), which occurs both in $ and the stripes on the upperside of the forewing in the $ are short, 
those of the hindwing above are densely scaled, linear, and do not reach the distal margin or enter the cell; 
in the $ the forewing is sepia-colour, distally lighter, and the otherwise dark hindwing bears a large blue 
central area, extending from the subcostal to the hindmargin, which is distally produced into streaks; 
known from Assam (Jaintia Hills) and Calcutta. The Tring Museum also possesses transitions from this aber- 
depelchini. ration to normal specimens. In ab. depelchini Bobbe and $ are characterised by more strongly dentate 
hindwing, also almost all the grey-blue scaling is absent on the upper surface; the upperside of the hind¬ 
wing with greenish gloss, in the $ with open red anal ring and very slight traces of black patches; Sikkim. 
Of the polymorphic $, besides the $$ of ab. depelchini and polymnestoroides, the following principal forms 
are known, each of which again varies considerably in itself: all the $$ have at least traces of red or yellow- 
red spots at the anal angle of the hindwing and always possess on the upper surface of the forewing a red 
rhetenorina. basal spot. $-f. rhetenorina form, nov., tailless, both wings dark sepia-colour, forewing with darker stripes 
between the veins, hindwing above with slight blue scaling and often red anal ring, which is sometimes re¬ 
placed by a spot without black centre, usually a broad white stripe along the hindmargin beneath; North 
butlerianus. India. $-f. butlerianus Bothsch. (29 b), like the preceding, forewing with white area before the hindmargin, 
esperi. hindwing above more strongly scaled with blue; North India to Malacca. $-f. esperi Btlr. resembles the 
S above and beneath, but the forewing has a large white subapical area as in the forms from Sumatra and 
vinius. Borneo mentioned below; only known from Malacca. $-f. vinilis Fruhst. (= cilix Dist. nec Salv. & Godvi.), 
forewing unicolorous, with the usual stripes, hindwing above with 2 white patches and traces of a 3., beneath 
phoenix, without these patches; only known from Malacca. $-f. phoenix Dist., forewing as the preceding, hindwing 
above and beneath with 4 or 5 patches, of which especially the posterior ones are often broadly red; 
in North Indian specimens the last spot is frequently prolonged basad and there are often black discal 
patches beneath, rarely a white spot is placed in the cell; Malacca to North India. $-f. agenor L., 
larger than phoenix, the forewing in genera] somewhat lighter, sometimes almost as much striped 
with white as in pryeri, the hindwing with 5—7 white or yellowish discal patches, the posterior ones 
only prolonged basad in examples with very large patches, there are also no black discal spots 
present, not even in specimens with proportionately small white patches; the marginal spots of the 
hindwing more transverse than in $-f. phoenix-, Formosa, China, Hainan, ? Tonkin, Burma. The 
alccmor. following $$ are tailed: $-f. alcanor Cr., the cell-spot of the hindwing and sometimes also the discal 
patches (as in Cramer’s figure) small, the black vein-stripes always thick; Formosa, China, North India, 
distantianus. Burma, Tenasserim. $-f. distantianus Bothsch. (= achates Cr. nec Sulzer) (33 a). The cell-spot of the 
