74 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
achates. 
anura. 
oceani. 
perlucidus. 
nesocles. 
nysala. 
clathratus. 
merapu. 
suh- 
clathratus. 
as in the preceding, but the distal margin not darker than the disc, the hindwing nearly to the base yellowish 
white, the base and a row of large submarginal patches black, the distal margin less densely dusted with black 
than in the preceding form, the veins thinly black; only on Borneo. The tailed form known from Java and Banka, 
$-f. achates Sulzer (= achatiades Esp.) (33 a), is characterised by the yellow colour of the basal spot of the fore¬ 
wing and of the posterior marginal spots of the hindwing. This form, which is a copy of P. coon, is replaced 
on Borneo by a tailless one, $-f. anura nom. nov. (= javanus Haase nec Felder), in which the basal spot of the 
forewing is red and the discal spots of the hindwing are more or less strongly orange and often reduced; the ab¬ 
domen as in §-f. achates yellow, with black dorsal line and underside, the dorsal line often widened. The occur¬ 
rence of this tailless form, which is otherwise similar to the tailed $-f. achates, and the existence of the above 
described tailed form titania(p. 73), on Formosa, which otherwise resembles the tailless $-f. agenor, seem to indicate 
that originally all the $$ of P. memnon were tailed, as is still the case in P. lowi and also in the monomorphic 
of P. mayo, ascalaphus and oenomaus 1 ). — oceani Doh. the stripes of the forewing above and beneath 
very strongly reduced; the blue stripes of the hindwing narrow and placed at a distance both from the cell and 
the margin; the red basal spots of the under surface on both wings suppressed except for a few scales. $ only 
known in one form; body black, forewing above with quite small, red basal spot, which is larger beneath, the 
red basal spots of the hindwing beneath very small; both wings above dark, the forewing gradually somewhat 
lighter distally, the hindwing with scattered blue scales in the distal half, somewhat paler distally than basally, 
on the under surface a broad grey marginal band, which encloses the black submarginal patches but not the discal 
ones. Engano. — perlucidus Fruhst. <$: the blue-grey stripes of the upper surface of both wings and of the under¬ 
side of the forewing extend close to the distal margin; those of the hindwing above are remote from the cell and 
form a proximally almost uniformly concave broad band; the distal-marginal area of the hindwing beneath usually 
blue-grey, sometimes more or less extended orange; the length of the forewing in the Tring Museum specimens 
varies from 60—70 mm. The $ in two tailless forms: $-f. nesocles form, nov., forewing dark sepia-brown, the 
black basal area not sharply defined, the light stripes pale brown, the basal spot red, beneath a row of feebly 
indicated light submarginal spots; hindwing brownish black, in the distal third paler, with distinct large black 
submarginal spots, beneath the distal third grey, posteriorly and anteriorly yellowish, besides the large sub¬ 
marginal spots with a row of small black discal spots, of which the anterior ones are united with the dark proximal 
area of the wing. In the otherwise similar second form, $-f. nysala form, nov., the hindwing has a white band 
consisting of large patches, which is usually somewhat yellowish. Lombok. — clathratus Bothsch. (27 b). as 
the preceding; but the stripes of the forewing are less distinct and shorter on both sides; length of the forewing 
52—60 mm The $ with dirty yellowish white band on the hindwing; beneath without traces of submarginal 
spots on the forewing and with four very small black discal spots in the white patches of the hindwing. Sumbawa. 
— merapu Doh. A large form, like many of the Sumba butterflies. Only the $ known: forewing strongly curved, 
66—75 mm long, above almost entirely without stripes, beneath these are mostly more distinct, but are always 
placed 4—5 mm from the margin. Hindwing more elongate than in the other Malayan races, posteriorly nar¬ 
rower, the stripes of the upper surface narrow, remote from the cell and not reaching the margin; the large black 
submarginal spots of the under surface margined with ochre-yellow, the black discal patches entirely confluent 
with the black part of the wing. Sumba, rare in collections; 4 JcJ in the Tring Museum. — subclathratus Fruhst. 
J: length of the forewing 50—66 mm, large specimens closely approximate to merapu; the stripes of the fore¬ 
wing feebly indicated, beneath as in merapu placed at a distance from the margin; the stripes of the hindwing 
beneath even weaker than in merapu, usually only the proximal ends (halfway between cell and distal margin) 
distinct; the black marginal spots on the underside of the hindwing in small specimens broadly edged with orange, 
in large examples this edging more grey, in all specimens the black discal spots united with the black area of the 
wing. $ tailless, corresponding in the markings to $-f. achates; forewing paler than in the of clathratus and 
perlucidus, hindwing with small cell-spot and a band of large, white, partly yellowish discal spots, which are 
separated by broad black vein-stripes, the marginal spots distinct. Flores, taken by A. Everett in November; 
the smallness of the specimens is probably explained by the long drought which prevailed in Flores when Everett 
visited the island (in 1896). The Tring Museum possesses several from Adonara and Pantar, likewise captured 
by Everett, which attain a considerable size (forewing 65—70 mm long), but otherwise agree well with large 
Flores specimens. The only $ from Pantar, with the forewing 80 mm long, has a larger cell-spot than the only 
§ known to me from Flores. 
P. rumanzovia Eschsch. (<$ = krusensternia Eschsch., floridor Godt., amalthion Bdv., ciris Fruhst., 
spinturnix Fruhst .) (26 c). Tailless, but with distinct tooth at the 3. radial; both wings beneath with large, 
brilliant red basal patch; the submarginal and admarginal spots of the hindwing likewise glaring red. $ black, 
forewing with rather faint bluish grey stripes before the distal margin, of which the anterior ones mostly extend 
nearly to the cell; hindwing between the veins with broad bluish grey double stripes, which form a very broad 
band, the inner margin of which is twisted somewhat in S-shape. The anterior red spots of the hindwing beneath 
united into hooks and the posterior ones into rings. Some have above a red anal ring on the hindwing. In 
the $ the forewing in the cell and along the veins with white-grey stripes which are light, especially beneath; 
’) Cf. Piepers, in Iris XVI, p. 247 (1903). 
