76 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan 
demetrius. 
liukiuensis. 
rhetenor. 
lencocelis. 
platenius. 
thaiwanus. 
janaka. 
than in the preceding forms, the pale discal stripes are only white distally and do not extend so near to the distal 
margin, hence the latter is more broadly black than in euprotenor and protenor. Formosa, common. 
P. demetrius Cr. Very nearly allied to the preceding species. Both sexes tailed (see vol. I, 3 c). The 
summer specimens as in the preceding species are larger than the examples of the spring brood (from hibernated 
pupae). Japan, Loo Choo Islands, East and Central China (teste Leech), according to Butler also on Formosa. — 
liukiuensis Fruhst. (= sitalkes Fruhst.) differs, though not quite constantly, from the priority form, which 
occurs in Japan, by broader wings and larger red submarginal spots on the hindwing; moreover the upper surface 
in the <$ is deeper black and the blue scaling on the upperside of the hindwing of the is reduced. The number 
of the red spots on the upper surface of the hindwing is not constant either in demetrius or in liukiuensis; $$ occur 
both in Japan and on Okinawa with a complete row of red spots. Okinawa and Ishigaki; Formosa?, China? 
P. rhetenor. Body and wings bluish black, the abdomen laterally somewhat paler. The distal two- 
thirds of the forewing lighter, with black stripes between and on the veins, beneath in the more or less white- 
grey, above and beneath, in many £<$ only beneath, with red basal spot. Hindwing elongate, with strongly 
undulate distal margin; in the with projecting tooth at the 3. radial or without indication of a tail, above uni- 
colorous, with scattered blue scales on the disc and red or white anal ring, before which is placed usually a second 
ring and sometimes a part of a third, beneath the base, as well as the abdominal margin of the hindwing is occupied 
by a broad dull red stripe, in which are placed black discal and submarginal patches, before the margin one 
or more dull red spots, of which the posterior ones are often united into rings with the red marginal spots, on 
the disc a dull black spot, which corresponds to the white patch of the $ (this spot was erroneously regarded 
by Moore as secondary sexual character) and in Chinese specimens is often wanting. In the $ the hindwing has 
a broad rounded tail and a white discal area, also the red marginal and submarginal spots are larger than in 
the Jj. The earlier stages are not known. The $ is a mimic of the Aristolochia Papilios P. dasarada and philoxenus 
of the same localities. The butterfly occurs in North India all through the summer and ascends to about 6000 ft.— 
rhetenor Westw. (= turificator Fruhst.; $ = icarius Westw.; = alcmenor Fldr., albolunata Fruhst., publilius 
Fruhst.) (29 b). : forewing often with large white patch at the hindmargin (J-ab. leucocelis ab. nov .); the hind¬ 
wing with distinct blue scaling on the disc and hardly projecting marginal tooth at the 3. radial, beneath with dull 
black discal spot before the 2. radial and without red submarginal spots from the 2. radial forwards. $: the white 
discal area of the hindwing consists of a cell-spot and 3 or 4 discal spots. Nepal to the Shan States and Tenas- 
serim. — platenius Fruhst., known from West and Central China, doubtless also occurs in southern China. The 
hindwing in and $ is somewhat more sharply dentate than in the Indian form; in the £ the blue scaling on 
the upper surface of the hindwing is much reduced, whilst in the $ the white discal area is smaller. 
P. thaiwanus Bothsch. (= annaeus Fruhst.) (32 d $), which by a lapsus was described as a form of protenor, 
is much more strikingly different in the $ than in the $: under surface of the forewing almost entirely black, 
the grey stripes being reduced as in many butterflies from Formosa; the red area on the underside of the 
hindwing is much more extended than in the other forms and there are large red submarginal spots as far as the 
subcostal. The $ tailless; forewing paler than in the $ of P. rhetenor; hindwing from the subcostal to the anal 
margin with a macular band, the anterior patches of which are large and white and the posterior ones smaller 
and reddish, the posterior submarginal spots united into rings with the marginal spots; under surface as in the 
(J with larger markings than in P. rhetenor. — Formosa. 
Bootes-Group. 
Head and a lateral stripe on the abdomen red; base of the wings beneath red. Sexes similar, tailed, 
both mimics of Aristolochia Papilios. 
P. janaka. Sexes similar, with spatulate tail; head, a part of the thorax and a lateral stripe on the 
abdomen dull red; forewing black, above more weakly, and beneath more strongly grey, with usually deep 
black stripes; hindwing with white discal area, which is wanting in the Chinese form—only 1 known—, is larger 
in the $ than in the J and never enters the cell, in addition to the anal spot 1-—4 submarginal lunules present. 
Beneath a red band covers the base of both wings and extends along the abdominal margin of the hindwing. The 
larva and pupa not known. The butterfly in the spring in North-West India, Sikkim and West China; such 
a faithful copy of the Aristolochia Papilio P. latreillei that Moore was misled into uniting janaka and the following 
species bootes with latreillei, adamsoni, nevilli, etc., in one of his ,,genera“!— janaka Moore (= sikkimensis 
Wood-Mas.) flies in Sikkim at from 3—5000 ft. in May and June, as well as in the North-Western Himalayas 
and $ with white discal patches on the hindwing and a pale red double spot at the tip of the tail. — 
Jealbatus Bothsch. (see vol. I, 3 a), from West China, has no discal patches and no spots in the tail. 
