PAPILIO. By Dr. Ii. Jordan. 
79 
larger and especially on the forewing paler than the 3 - The several earlier stages described in detail in Moor e, 
Lep. Ind. vol. VI, p. 53—56. The young larva bears spines which disappear in the later stages, and is very 
dark. In the half-grown and full-grown larvae, which are green, the thorax is thickened above like a shield; 
the margin of the shield and also four oblique stripes on the abdomen are yellowish green, a longitudinal line 
above the prolegs is white. On Zanthoxylum alatum. The pupa bluish green, usually with brown markings, 
the lateral keel very distinct, brown or white, the horns on the head about as long as they are broad at the base, 
the thoracic horn broad, low, pointed. The butterfly is in most localities very common, with the exception 
of the eastern districts, where hitherto only a few specimens have been captured. Kashmir to Tonkin and Siam. — 
triumphator Fruhst. The blue patch on the upper surface of the hindwing small, the 2. submarginal spot only triumphcdor. 
partially confluent with it. Tonkin; Chentaboon (somewhat aberrant). — significans Fruhst., from Tenasserim significant. 
and Lower Burma, has on the upperside of the forewing a small, round, white spot before the hindangle. — 
ganesa Dbl. (34 b). Forewing usually with green discal band, which in specimens from Assam is often only very ganesa. 
weakly indicated, but sometimes is broader than in many Sikkim examples. Hindwing with blue patch, which 
reaches to the 3. radial and is more or less strongly produced distad behind the subcostal and 1. radial. In two 
of the 33 in the Tring Museum (both from the Khasia Hills) the submarginal spots on the upperside of the 
hindwing are larger than the normal and beneath extraordinarily enlarged: ab. porphyria ab. nov. (48 a). The porphyria. 
aberration corresponds to P. paris gedeensis ab. prillwitzi from Java. — polyctor Bdv. (vol. I, 5 b) has in 3 and $ polyctor. 
on the upperside of the forewing a golden green band, which is distinct to the subcostal fork, the metallic patch 
of the hindwing is usually more green and commonly prolonged into a band; the grey stripes of the forewing beneath 
are strongly reduced and sometimes almost entirely absent, whilst the yellowish grey dusting on the under surface 
of the hindwing is more extended than in ganesa. The summer form, f. aest. polyctor Bdv., is not quite so large 
as ganesa, whilst the spring form, f. vern. peeroza Moore, is much smaller. The butterfly is very common in peeroza. 
the valleys of the North-Western Himalayas up to 6000 ft. and extends in Kashmir into the Palaearctic Region. 
The 33 commonly rest in large numbers on the moist sand of river-banks. 
P. paris. Upper surface of the body and wings dusted with green, forewing with or without narrow green 
band, hindwing with large patch, which is green or blue according to the fall of the light and is always broadest 
behind the 1. radial, usually the patch is connected with the abdominal margin by a narrow green band, at the 
anal angle a red ring. Under surface brown-black, sprinkled with yellowish grey scales; forewing with grey 
discal stripes, which especially towards the hindmargin are light and towards the costa are longer and more indis¬ 
tinct; hindwing with a complete row of red or yellowish red submarginal lunules, on or at which are placed purple- 
blue curved marks, the posterior submarginal spots often united into rings with the marginal spots. 3 usually 
without, sometimes with thin scent-stripes. The earlier stages of this butterfly are only known of arjuna (see 
below). The insect is very common at lower elevations in wooded districts; the 33 are fond of visiting flowers 
and often rest in crowds on moist sand; their flight is very swift, and like many butterflies they have a habit 
of returning again and again in the same course. — hermosanus Rebel (= neoparis Fruhst.). A small form from hermosanus. 
Formosa. On the forewing the green band is absent or only feebly developed and beneath the grey band in the 3 
mostly only indicated and also in the $ less pure grey than in continental specimens. The metallic patch of the 
hindwing is small, especially in the $, and the submarginal spots on the under surface are mostly more yellowish. 
The 3 has usually a distinct pilose stripe on the 2 median, a weaker one on the submedian, and sometimes a 
third on the 1. median; but these stripes may also all be absent. The presence of this scent-organ misled Rebel 
into referring the form to P. polyctor. According to Fruhstoreer there occurs on Formosa together with ,,polyctor 
hermosayius “ also a pans-form, which, however, according to his description, is nothing but hermosanus. But 
it appears to me doubtful whether the specimen briefly described by Frulistorfer as $ of hermosanus belongs here. — tissaphcr 
tissaphernes Fruhst. Likewise a small form; forewing more obtuse than in P. p. paris, the green band only feebly nes „ 
or not at all developed, the under surface as dark as in hermosanus, above the metallic patch.of the hindwing 
larger. Hainan; a series of both sexes in the Tring Museum. — chinensis Rothsch. (vol. I, 5 b) is the form from chinensis. 
Central and West China, in which the metallic patch is reduced from behind; the smaller spring specimens are 
f. vern. gemmifera Fruhst. — paris L. (= majestatis Fruhst., decorosa Fruhst .) (34 c). As in tissaphernes the 
forewing of the 3 has in exceptional cases a distinct pilose stripe on the 2. median, slight indications of this stripe 
are of common occurrence. The metallic patch is as large as in Hainan specimens, but the grey band on the 
underside of the forewing mostly of purer colour. The larger summer form is f. aest. paris L., and the smaller 
spring form (dry season) f. vern. splendorifer Fruhst. Some of the examples from South-East China are not splendorifer. 
distinguishable from Indian specimens, while others bear a close resemblance to tissaphernes and hermosanus. 
Distributed from Hong-Kong to Malacca and North-West India. — tamilana Moore (34 c). A large form, with tamilana. 
very large metallic spot on the hindwing and reduced grey band on the under surface of the forewdng. In the 
South Indian hills. Bell saw a $ lay its eggs on Evodia roxburghiana. — battacorum Rothsch. With shorter battacorum. 
wings than any of the preceding forms; forewing above entirely wdthout green band or the latter is slightly^ indic¬ 
ated, beneath with narrow grey band, hindwing with large metallic area, which is almost as broad at the sub¬ 
costal as at the 1. radial. The yellowish scaling of the hindwing beneath extends at the posterior veins to between 
the submarginal spots; the latter yellow-red, rather small, with very thin pale purple arcs. North-East Sumatra, 
