Publ. 19. V. 1909. 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
81 
charlesi (!) Fruhst., from Sze-chuan (West China), differs according to the author in the almost black upper chariest. 
surface of the wings, the partly obsolete band of the forewing and the more red submarginal spots of the hindwing. 
Palinurus-Group. 
Upper surface with green or blue band on both wings; the submarginal spots of the hindwing beneath 
usually distinctly tri-coloured (blue-yellow-black). 
P. crino F. (86 b). Upper surface almost uniformly dusted with green, the green or bluish band on crino. 
both wings outside the cell; the tail with metallic spot at the tip. Under surface dark sepia-colour; forewing 
with a proximally almost uniformly concave grey band distally to the subcostal fork, this hand anteriorly broad, 
posteriorly narrow, very variable; hindwing with pale yellow submarginal transverse spots, at the proximal 
side of which are placed similar grey- or blue-white spots and further towards the disc a row of yellowish grey, 
often diffuse spots, at the anal angle above and beneath a reddish ring or half ring. The $ usually with thin 
pilose stripes, which are absent in montanus Fldr. (36 b, c). — Larva bluish green, the 1. and last seg- montanus. 
ment with two short processes. Pupa green, angles of the head weakly projecting. On Chloroxylon. The 
butterfly is rather common in the plains, especially in the spring on Ceylon, but also occurs in the mountains 
up to about 6000 ft. The flight is very swift. Ceylon, South India, Calcutta. In the northern districts as 
well as in the higher mountains probably only an occasional migrant. 
P. buddha Westw. (85 b). The band of the upper surface broad, placed anteriorly on the forewing almost buddha. 
entirely in the cell and on the hindwing also entering far into the cell; the basal area of both wings dusted with 
green, on the other hand the distal-marginal area almost pure black; hindwing with yellow submarginal spot 
at the costal margin and anal angle, and in the $ in addition a second spot placed behind the subcostal; tail black. 
Under surface with very broad, proximally almost straight, grey band distally to the cell; distal margin of the 
hindwing pale, a row of narrow yellow submarginal spots, which are distally bordered with black and proximally 
with bluish white. entirely without pilose stripes. — Larva green, from the 5. segment onward with white 
longitudinal stripe above the legs, posteriorly on the thorax a white transverse line, which laterally is continued 
forwards and forms the boundary of the somewhat shield-shaped, swollen upperside of the thoracic segments; 
anteriorly and posteriorly a pair of short processes. Pupa almost uniformly curved, without thoracic horn, head 
produced in two long protuberances; underside from the lateral keel pale green, upperside dark green. Food- 
plant : Xanthoxylum rhetsa. The butterfly all the year round with the exception of June and July, commonest 
in September and October; it flies very quickly and high, seldom stops at flowers and is consequently difficult 
to catch. In the hills of South India, both in the woods and in open cultivated land. 
P. palinurus. Similar to P. buddha, the band of both wings narrower, the distal-marginal area of the 
forewing dusted with green, the hindwing with large green submarginal spots; the grey band of the forewing 
beneath is placed very close to the cell and is basally concave. The earlier stages are not known. The butterfly 
according to Martin flies in wooded country and is very shy and agile; it occasionally comes into gardens and 
is fond of feeding at the flowers of Ixora, Lantana, etc., it is also often found at damp places on the forest-paths. 
Hauxwell mentions that it has a habit of flying close over the water like a swallow, dipping its body in and then 
hurrying away. Burma to Sumatra and Nias, northwards to the Philippines. — paiinuru9 F. (= regulus Stoll, 
brama Guer., tubero Fruhst., nikagoras Fruhst.) (35 b, c). The band of the forewing is very obliquely placed, 
being posteriorly at most 5 mm from the end of the submedian; both it and the band of the hindwing vary in 
width in all localities. In most of the specimens from North Borneo the band is slightly blue: ab. solinus Fruhst. 
The under surface varies especially in the size of the submarginal spots of the hindwing. Burma, Tenasserim, 
Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo. — adventus Fruhst., from Nias, differs in both sexes principally in the larger sub- 
marginal spots of the hindwing beneath. — angustatus Stgr. Upper surface of the hindwing in ^ and $ more 
broadly black between the discal band and the submarginal spots than in palinurus and adventus; beneath the 
pale band of the forewing is less curved and the pale marginal area of the hindwing broader than in these forms. 
Palawan. — daedalus Fldr. (35 c). The largest form. The green discal band of the upper surface broader than 
in the preceding subspecies, that of the forewing less oblique; otherwise similar to angustatus. Philippines, probably 
on all the islands, according to Semper almost all the year round, principally in May and October. -— nympho- 
dorus Fruhst., from Bazilan, is said to be distinguished by a broad discal band on both wings and very large green 
submarginal patches on the hindwing. I have before me only an abnormal specimen, from which I can form 
no opinion as to the constancy of the characters given. 
palinurus. 
solinus. 
adventus. 
angustatus. 
daedalus. 
nympho- 
dorus. 
P. blumei. One of the most beautiful Papilios. Larger than P. 'palinurus daedalus, the upper surface 
similarly marked, but the band green-blue and the tail with the exception of the vein and the margins likewise 
blue. The yellowish grey distal band of the forewing beneath very broad, proximally straight or slightly curved; 
the yellow submarginal spots of the hindwing all very large, proximally margined with blue. Many Uc? have 
one or several very narrow pilose stripes on the upperside of the forewing. The ground-colour of the $ is paler 
IX 
11 
