PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
87 
is a $ (I have seen no other $$ of P. alebion ); it agrees in the shape of the wings with al. alebion, on the other 
hand the anal spot is small and constricted as in tamerlanus and the yellow costal spot of the hindwing beneath 
narrow and prolonged to the cell; possibly this $ belongs to a south-eastern subspecies. 
P. agetes. Body above black with light lateral line, beneath yellowish white, head and pronotum reddish. 
Wings white with black bands; hindwing with black distal margin, which encloses some white spots, and with 
red anal spot, tail thin, black with white tip. Under surface like upper, but hindwing with black subbasal band 
parallel with the abdominal margin and with black median band in which red spots are placed. The $ si mi lar 
to the <$, with somewhat broader wings. The earlier stages unknown. The butterfly flies in the hills in wooded 
districts. The congregate at wayside puddles and on the moist sand of river-banks. North India to Sumatra, 
Borneo and Hainan. — agetes Westw. (= tenuilineatus Fruhst.). The 1. and 2. band of the forewing always extend 
beyond the hindmargin of the cell. Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Burma, Tenasserim, Shan States, Annam, Tonkin, 
Hainan. — iponus Fruhst. The 2. band of the forewing somewhat shorter than in the preceding form. Malay 
Peninsula. — insularis Stgr. (41 c). The forewing in the cell more densely scaled with white than in agetes, the 
2. band on the upperside does not extend beyond the cell; the black markings of both wings deeper black, especially 
beneath. In the Battak and Clayoe Mountains of Sumatra, not below 8000 ft., very common. — kinabaluensis 
Fruhst. The interspace between the black submarginal band of the forewing and the apex of the cell is much 
broader than the submarginal band. Kina Balu, North Borneo. 
P. stratiotes Grose-Smith (41 b). The three outer black bands of the forewing very much broader than 
in P. agetes, the transparent submarginal interspace reduced to a line; the hindwing above before the distal margin 
grey, with very large red anal spot. The under surface of the forewing yellowish, the subbasal and the median 
band narrow, straight, the latter without red spots, the red anal spot large. The $ similar to the J. The earlier 
stages unknown. —- Kina Balu, North Borneo. 
P. leosthenes Dbl. (40 a). Except P. podalirius, payeni, gyas and hercules the only Kite-Swallowtail 
of the Old World in which the 1. subcostal of the forewing runs free into the costal margin. Body above black, 
with grey hairs, with a lateral stripe on head and thorax, beneath grey; antenna beneath yellowish, legs pale 
green. Wings semitransparent, white with brownish black bands (cf. figure); the median band of the hindwing 
beneath with yellow spots, of which the posterior 4 are also developed above. The £ very similar to the $. —- 
Queensland. 
P. nomius. Very nearly allied to P. aristeus. But as nomius occurs in North India, Burma and Siam 
together with P. aristeus and is sharply differentiated from it in the genitalia, we entertain no doubt that it is 
a separate species. The wings are somewhat broader than in P. aristeus; the anterior submarginal spots of the 
forewing are rounded, the black median band of the hindwing above is always well developed, the 1. and 2. brown 
bands of the forewing beneath are blackish at the costal margin, also the parts of the 2. and 3. bands placed behind 
the cell are deeper black than in P. aristeus. The full-grown larva above usually black with white transverse 
stripes, beneath green, the anterior and posterior segments yellowish, sometimes the larva entirely green; on 
each of the thoracic segments and the anal segment a pair of spines. On Saccopetalum tomentosum and Poly- 
althia longifolia. The pupa not on the food-plant, but under stones, in crevices and under the roots of trees; 
earth-coloured, with short thoracic horn, directed forwards, and somewhat produced angles to the head; pupal 
stage lasts in South India from July to March or even May. The butterfly is a very common lowland species, 
in some years and at certain places extremely abundant. The 3$ often in crowds at wayside puddles; they also 
visit flowers. — nomius Esp. (= ? orestes F., meges Hbn., niamus Godt.). The 3. band of the forewing does 
not extend beyond the cell; the anal part of the hindwing is plentifully dusted with white; the under surface 
of the forewing without short black costal line near the base. Ceylon to Bengal, single stray specimens in low- 
lying places in Sikkim. — swinhoei Moore (= pernomius Fruhst.) (41 c). The 3. band of the forewing and com¬ 
monly also the 4. extend beyond the hindmargin of the cell; under surface of the hindwing with black subbasal 
streak at the costal margin. In most of the examples from Assam, Burma, Tenasserim, Siam and Annam, and 
also in the single specimen before me from Tonkin, the under surface is much lighter yellow than in the preceding 
form, in single examples from these districts taken at the same time, however, and in all the specimens from 
Hainan, the under surface is as dark as in nom. nomius. Singly in Sikkim and Assam (migratory specimens?), 
common in Burma, Tenasserim and Hainan, from Tonkin only a few examples yet known. 
P. aristeus. Body beneath white, above black with light longitudinal stripe at each side. Wings white, 
above with black, beneath with brown bands. Forewing with 7 bands, of which the 3.—5. are abbreviated and 
the 4. is sometimes absent; the 5. commonly united with the 6. at the lower angle of the cell, the 6. and 7. form 
a broad marginal area, which encloses a submarginal row of white spots. Hindwing with subbasal and median 
bands, which run parallel with the abdominal margin, the median band sometimes only indicated, the distal 
agetes. 
iponus. 
insularis. 
kinabalu¬ 
ensis. 
stratiotes. 
leosthenes. 
nomius. 
swinhoei. 
