90 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
2 nd black marginal spot; the black patches on the underside of the hindwing larger. Bali, only 1 in the Tring 
Museum. —- kalaoensis Rothsch. Forewing as in alcibiades, on the other hand the anal area of the underside 
of the hindwing blackish grey, so that the black submarginal spots in it stand out distinctly. Kalao, 
Djampea, Sumbawa, Flores. 
P. epaminondas Oberth. (= laestrygonum Wood-Mas .) (40 d). As large as the largest antiphates ; the 
black bands broad, the 1 st and 2 nd on the under surface of the forewing always reaching the hindmargin, the 
black median band of the forewing more or less developed above also; the yellow patches of the hindwing 
beneath more sharply defined than in P. antiphates, the light submarginal spots and also the ground-colour 
at the distal side of the median band and inside it white. The $ very similar to the The earlier stages 
unknown. — Andamans. 
P. euphrates. Confusingly similar to P. antiphates in the markings, constantly differing in that the 
anterior 3 or 4 submarginal spots on the under surface of the hindwing are not elbowed, but straight. 
Moreover the genitalia are strikingly different. As P. euphrates occurs in North Borneo and on Banguey at 
the same time and in the same localities with P. antiphates, there is not the slightest doubt that we are 
dealing with forms which have become independent, i. e. species. The earlier stages are not known. North 
decolor. Borneo to Philippines. — decolor Stgr. (= palawanicus Eimer). The 1 st black band of the forewing thin, the 
4 th always abbreviated, sometimes absent; the black marginal line of the hindwing broad, the black-grey anal 
area reaches to the 2 nd radial. In distinction from P. a7itiphates itamputi the inner part of the black median 
band on the under surface of the hindwing is not prolonged beyond the cell or the spot of this line placed 
domaranus. below the apex of the cell is only indicated. North Borneo, Banguey, Palawan. — domaranus Fruhst. On 
Domara, one of the small islands off the east coast of Palawan, the butterfly is dimorphic, as apparently 
also on some of the Philippines proper. In the light form, to which the name domaranus belongs, the 4 th band 
of the forewing is broad and reaches the hindmargin of the cell, the marginal band extends to the hind- 
margin of the wing, the black submarginal band on the other hand is narrowed from the basal side in such 
a way that at the costal margin a short black projection remains between this band and the discocellular 
one; hindwing similar to that of decolor. The second form, according to Semper, agrees entirely with dark 
atratus. Luzon specimens ( euphrates ), i. e. has a broad black marginal band on the hindwing. — atratus Rothsch. The 
bands of the forewing and the marginal band of the hindwing are very broad; upper surface of the hindwing 
with black subbasal stripe. The anterior yellow spots of the hindwing beneath indistinct, the posterior ones 
on the other hand large. A light form is not known. On Mindoro, and according to Semper on Bohol. — 
euphrates. euphrates Fldr. (= moorei Reak.) (40 c, d). The 1 st band of the forewing extends to the hindmargin, the 4 th 
always to the hindmargin of the cell, the submarginal band broadly united posteriorly with the marginal 
band and continued to the hindmargin; hindwing broadly bordered with black to the costal margin, this 
marginal band in the $ somewhat paler than in the The yellow spots on the under surface of the hind- 
nisus. wing all rather sharply developed. Central (and South?) Luzon. — nisus subsp. nov. In North Luzon flies 
a dimorphic subspecies which is less extended black. Semper mentions a $ from there and the Tring Museum 
possesses two $$ taken by J. Whitehead. In these specimens the 4 th band of the forewing does not reach 
the hindmargin of the cell, and the marginal band of the hindwing is paler and does not extend to the costal 
margin. The marginal band of the forewing is posteriorly pointed. The specimens differ from decolor and 
euphratoides by the much larger black submarginal spots on both sides of the hindwing. The three examples 
belong to two strikingly different forms (seasonal forms?), which differ in almost exactly the same way as 
the two forms known from Mindanao. In the light form, f. nisus, the 1 st and 2 nd bands of the forewing are 
thin and scarcely extend beyond the hindmargin of the cell, the white band placed distally to the apex of 
the cell is broadly connected with the white disc, the blackish grey anal area of the hindwing above is narrow 
and only reaches to the 2 nd radial, yet between this vein and the costal margin there are 3 rather large black 
zebraica. submarginal spots. The second form, f. zebraica form, nov., which corresponds in all respects to f. tigris 
Semp. from Mindanao, is considerably larger than f. nisus, the 1 st band of the forewing extends to the hind¬ 
margin and the 2 nd terminates just before the margin, the black submarginal band is broader than in the light 
form and at the lower angle of the cell joined to the black discocellular band by a black vein-streak; the 
black-grey marginal area of the hindwing is broader than in euphrates, lighter, and only extends about to 
the subcostal; the black subbasal line is indicated above; the black dorsal stripe of the abdomen is very broad, 
61 toides " nisus it is only indicated. — euphratoides Eimer flies on Mindanao and Bazilan. The 4 th band 
of the forewing is nearly always abbreviated, the black submarginal band does not reach the lower median, 
and the marginal band, which is pointed, does not extend to the submedian; the grey dusting in the anal 
area of the hindwing is even less extended than in nisus, the black submarginal spots of the hindwing beneath 
are thin and the anterior ones are entirely absent above; the distal area more yellowish than in euphrates 
and nisus and the yellow' patches are more diffuse. The light form, f. euphratoides Eimer, is small, the grey 
anal area of the hindwing above very narrow, the fringes are more extended white than in decolor, the tail 
tigris. is broadly margined with grey. Of the second form, f. tigris Semp., only 1 pair was obtained by Semper; 
it is considerably larger than f. euphratoides, the 1 st band of the forewing reaches the hindmargin and the 2 nd 
extends almost as far, the subbasal band of the hindwing is indicated above, and the grey anal area, which 
kalaoensis. 
epami¬ 
nondas. 
