PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
93 
P. empedocles F. (42 c). Body white-grey, head and upperside of the thorax greenish grey-brown, empedocles. 
Upper surface of the wings greenish black-brown; forewing between cell and hindmargin yellowish grey, with 
a discal row of yellow-green patches, of which the last is placed between the median veins and is the largest, 
sometimes there is a smaller patch behind the 2 ml median vein, rarely the 1 st and 3 rd spots are absent; hind¬ 
wing from the base to about the apex of the cell with grey-white hairs, in the darker distal area a row of 
blackish patches. Under surface grey-brown, paler in the $ than in the <J; the patches of the forewing scale¬ 
less as above; the hindwing about halfway between cell and distal margin with a row of dark spots, of which 
the last two usually bear on the basal side a red or yellow spot, whilst all are distally and the first spot also 
basally margined with grey. A Malayan species, very nearly allied to P. codrus. Nothing is known as to the 
earlier stages. The butterfly flies in the hills and is only taken singly. — Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Batu, 
Java, Banka, Borneo and Palawan. 
P. codrus. Body with white-grey hairs, the upperside of the head and thorax green. Upper surface 
of the wings silky black-green in the somewhat paler and almost entirely without gloss in the $; forewing 
with a macular band extending from the apex to the middle of the hindmargin, which is often incomplete 
and is above green or yellow and scaleless, beneath green-white and scaled; hindwing elongate-triangular, 
with broad tail, the base and the abdominal margin to about the apex of the cell grey-white. The under sur¬ 
face blackish brown, distally to the hand of the forewing only with light and dark shadows, the hindwing, how¬ 
ever, often with triangular costal patch as continuation of the band of the forewing; distinct submarginal 
spots are absent both above and beneath. Full-grown larva yellowish green, the 3 thoracic segments each 
with a pale red spine at either side, a similar pair of spines on the last segment, the stigmata blue, on 
segments 4, 11 and 12 a number of small blue dorsal spots (Kuhn). According to Wahnes the larva has 
in New Guinea a large brown dorsal spot, yellow-edged posteriorly, which extends from the 3 rd to the 5 th seg¬ 
ment, and a smaller brown spot on the 11. segment. ,,The food-plants are trees with large leaves divided 
into five lobes 11 . Pupa pale green, slightly bluish or yellowish, head obtuse, rounded, with only very feebly pro¬ 
duced angles; thoracic horn sharply pointed, with brown tip, the lateral keel running out into the margin 
of the wings straight, the small lateral tubercle of the mesothorax pointed, without brown spot. The butterfly 
has a very swift and straight flight; it mostly flies high in the air among the tops of trees, yet it often darts 
down with lightning speed to feed at flowers or rotten fruit (with which it can be baited); it is especially often 
seen at the sea-shore, where it is fond of drinking on damp sand. Distributed from the Philippines and 
Celebes eastwards to the Solomon Islands; does not occur on the large and small Sunda Islands and in Australia, 
but may yet be discovered on Cape York, where many New Guinean species occur. — melanthus Fldr. The melanthus. 
band of the forewing yellowish green, very broad, at the submedian broader than its distance from the distal 
margin; hindwing with large grey costal spot, which beneath reaches the cell. Philippines, apparently on 
all the islands. — taloranus subsp. nov. The band of the forewing pale green, not yellowish, as broad as in taloranus. 
gilolensis, the costal margin as strongly curved as in celebensis. Under surface of the hindwing grey from the 
middle of the costal to beyond the apex of the cell, but without grey-white spot. Talaut. — celebensis Wall, celebensis. 
The band of the forewing yellowish green, somewhat narrower than in gilolensis, the costal margin strongly 
curved. North and South Celebes. — stiris subsp. nov. The band of the forewing yellow-green, very narrow, the siiris. 
penultimate spot at least twice as long as broad. Shape of the wings as in celebensis. Sula Islands: Mangoli. — 
gilolensis Wall. The band of the foreAving yellow-green, consisting of 9 spots; under surface of the hindwing gilolensis. 
with grey-white costal spot. Northern Moluccas: Halmaheira, Batjan. — codrus Cr. (42c). The band of the codrus. 
forewing pale green, its last spot small or entirely absent, sometimes the band very narrow; under surface 
of the hindwing usually with grey-white costal spot. Southern Moluccas: Buru, Amboina, Saparoea, Ceram. 
— toealensis Bothsch. The band of the forewing pale green, broader than in codrus, the last spot ahvays present, toealensis. 
the white-grey scaling of the hindwing less extended, the tip of the tail much more broadly Avhite-grey. The 
under surface very dark, the costal spot of the hindwing small. Key Islands. — medon Fldr. (— papuensis medon. 
Wall.) (42 b). The band of the forewing even broader than in toealensis, the submedian usually white- 
scaled inside the band, the hindwing grey-Avhite to beyond the apex of the cell. The under surface paler than 
in toealensis, the costal spot of the hindwing mostly very large and usually prolonged into a band. NeAv 
Guinea and the neighbouring islands: Waigeu, Jobi, Mafor, Biak, D’Entrecasteaux Islands, Woodlark, Rossel: 
also on Aru. — auratus Bothsch. The band of the forewing yelloAV, the anterior spots somewhat larger and auratus. 
the posterior 2 smaller than in medon, the grey-white area of the hindwing reduceed, not reaching the apex 
of the cell. The grey-Avhite costal area of the hindwing beneath narrow. St. Gabriel, Admiralty Islands 
(Webster). In consequence of the hostile attitude of the natives no collector has yet succeeded in making a 
good collection on the Admiralty Islands. Captain H. C. Webster, who attempted to collect there, could not 
land at all on the principal island and was obliged to take to flight after 2 days. — segonax Godm. <& Salv. scgonax. 
(42 c). The band of the forewing broadly interrupted, spots 6—8 being absent, sometimes the 6 th and 
8 th are indicated by a dot each. Under surface of the hindwing without Avhite-grey costal spot. Bismarck 
Islands: New Pomerania, New Lauenburg and New Mecklenburg. — pisidice Godm. & Salv. (— solon Godm. pisidice. 
& Salv.). The band of the forewing complete, pale green, sometimes yellow (discoloured), narroAver than in 
medon, the spots more widely separated, the last but one usually narrow and commonly interrupted; the 
