Publ. 21. VII. 1909. 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
97 
its environment; angles of the head distinctly projecting, thoracic horn bent forwards, gradually pointed, the 
tip itself rounded, the carinae of the horn sharp and straight. The butterfly in wooded districts, especially near 
river-beds, in most districts very common; the in abundance in moist places on the roads and river-banks 
in company'with other butterflies; throughout the summer. In North India and Indo-C’hina distinctly horodi- 
morphic; the spring specimens smaller, with larger light markings than those of the summer. Distributed from 
South Japan and Ceylon southwards and eastwards to the Sunda Islands. The butterfly was first figured by. 
Esper, as ,,jason Linne sp. 88“. As Linne’s jason is not this species, there is an error in determination’), and 
Felder was justified in giving the species a new' name: doson Fldr. The type of this name is Esper’s figure. — 
doson Fldr. (= telephus Fldr.) (48 c). Both wings elongate, the marginal tooth at the 3 rd radial of the hindwing doson. 
longer than the other marginal teeth, the median band of both wings narrow, the suhbasal costal stripe of the 
hindwing above indistinct, not united with the median band, the latter interrupted by a black vein-streak at 
the hindmargin of the cell. Ceylon. — eleius Fruhst. differs from doson in having the green spots in the apical eleius. 
half of the forewing somewhat more yellowish; mostly also the median band is somewhat broader. South India. — 
In South Japan flies mikado Leech (see vol. I, 8 c).— perillus Fruhst. Larger than the following subspecies, perillus. 
the submarginal spots of the under surface smaller, the ,,basal red border is absent, the transcellular black spots 
are more distinct, but the red ones narrower and paler“. Ishigaki-sima. Not known to me in natura. — postianus postianus. 
Fruhst. (= jostianus Fruhst.). Varies considerably in size as well as in the.width of the bands; in all examples 
the median veins of the forewing broadly black and the hindmargin of the cell of the forewing likewise black; 
summer specimens similar to the following subspecies, but the submarginal spots on the under surface larger, 
Formosa.— axion Fldr. (= eurypylus, Hbn. nec L., actor Fruhst.) (43 c, also as doson U, 32 c aberr.). The axion. 
spring form, f. vern. acheron Moore (= nivepictus Fruhst., nivepicta Fruhst., nanus Fruhst.), is small, the acheron. 
median band of both wings is broad and the submarginal spots of the under surface are large; this form, from 
hibernated pupae, is most strongly pronounced in the mountain districts of North India. The summer form, 
f. praestabilis Fruhst. (43 c, as axion U), which is not at all sharply distinguished from ‘postianus from Formosa, praestabilis. 
has smaller submarginal spots on the under surface and above the submedian of the forewing and the median 
of the hindwing inside the band are less black. Hubner’s figure, to which Felder gave the name of axion, represents 
a transition between the pronounced small spring form and the large summer form; it agrees best with certain 
examples from South-East China. The ornamental spots of the hindwing beneath are sometimes yellow instead 
of red. South-East China, Hainan, Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Siam, Tenasserim, Burma, Assam, Sikkim, 
Bengal, North-West India. — evemonides Hour. (= appuleius Fruhst., autronicus Fruhst., vulso Fruhst.). The evemonides. 
submarginal spots of the under surface as small as in the summer form of the preceding subspecies, the last two 
patches of the median band of the forewing above not separated by a black vein-streak, the lower median vein 
not black or only narrowly so. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banka, Java, Natuna, Borneo, Balabac. — gyndes gyndes 
Fruhst., from Palawan and the Philippines, has again larger submarginal spots on the under surface and can 
scarcely be distinguished from axion; in specimens from the Philippines, however, which are also somewhat 
larger than those from Palawan, the genitalia appear to have somewhat longer teeth on the innerside of the anal 
claspers. — rubroplaga Bothsch., from Nias, is distinguished by a very strong development of the red ornamental rubroplaga. 
spots on the underside of the hindwing. — sankapura Fruhst. (= sankapurus Fruhst.). The median band of the sankapura. 
forewing is narrower than in axion, evemonides and gyndes, and the veins intersecting it are broadly black, moreover 
the band of the hindwing is narrower in the cell than in the forms just mentioned and the black cell-spot on the 
under surface is very large. Bawean. — eurypylides Stgr. (= euryphylides Fruhst., ampyx Fruhst.) (43 b). All eurypylides. 
the green resp. white patches very strongly reduced, all the spots of the distal band of the forewing separated 
by black veins; the band of the hindwing narrow, mostly broken up into spots, especially beneath. Lombok, 
Sumbawa. 
P. evemon. Although very similar to P. eurypylus, evemon is nevertheless an independent species. The 
* scent-wool of the always forms a narrow stripe hidden in the fold, the upperside of the abdomen is also never 
dusted with white in large the last submarginal spot of the forewing above is absent or at most weakly indi¬ 
cated and the liarpe of the male genitalia is always recognisable by the long and more basally placed ventral process; 
moreover, in Malayan specimens the red costal spot on the under surface of the hindwing is always absent. The $ 
similar to the <$. Nothing is known as to the earlier stages. In its habits the butterfly resembles the allied species, 
together with which it congregates on damp places on the roads and on sandy river-banks or wet stones in the 
rivers. When such a swarm is disturbed, the butterflies fly up and down in the forest-paths in Indian file, 
one behind another, like Catopsilia (Martin). Distributed from Assam and Tonkin to Java and Borneo; possibly 
occurs also on the Philippines.— - albociliatis Fruhst. (= albociliatus Fruhst.). Under surface of the hindwing albociliatis. 
with red costal spot as in P. eurypylus. May be distinguished from the respective eurypylus-iorm from the same 
/) In synomymy falsely applied earlier names are to be distinguished from new but preoccupied names, 
e. g. Papilio Eques Achivus jason, Esper (nec Linne, err. determ.) and Papilio striatus Lathy (nec Zink., preoc.). 
In the first case I place a comma between the name and the author who committed the error in determination; 
it should properly be written jason L., Esper (err. determ.), 
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