104 
PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 
is in the $ a small yellow anal spot on the hindwing. The butterfly is common in most districts. The con¬ 
gregate in swarms at wet places, whilst the are taken singly in the woods on flowers, on which they rest with 
the wings closed. Distributed from North India to Hainan, Bali and the Philippines. The dark $$ resemble 
indicus. Euploeas. — indicus Rothsch. (— polynices Nicer.) (46 c). <$: all the white stripes broad, the three stripes in 
the cell of the forewing complete, the cell of the hindwing entirely white, the oblique subapical line weakly devel¬ 
oped. very similar to the the white discal stripes of the forevving broader than the black vein-stripes 
lioneli. separating them. Sikkim.— lioneli Fruhst. (32 d, $). <$: either exactly like indicus or the light stripes somewhat 
narrower. $: forewing brown-black, with white submarginal spots, the light discal stripes scarcely indicated; 
hindwing with white spot in the apex of the cell and white stripes round the cell, these stripes narrower than 
in indicus, the posterior ones not extending to the base, the submarginal spots well developed. Assam. In one 
of the in the Tring Museum, from the Khasia Hills, the submarginal spots of the hindwing above and beneath 
are enlarged, beneath they form a band which commences behind the subcostal with a specially strongly enlarged 
gyndes. spot, the costal margin is broadly edged with brown. — gyndes subsp. nov. The $ as in lioneli, the white stripes 
mostly somewhat narrower than in indicus. The $ (name-type) similar to the Sikkim $, but the white spots 
in the apical half of the forewing and the distal half of the hindwing smaller. Burma. — The UtJ from Tenasserim 
have narrower white stripes than in the preceding forms, but the cell of the hindwing is still almost entirely filled 
indochi U P w ^e, moreover the 3 cell-stripes on the upperside of the forewing are not or not distinctly interrupted. 
nensis. The specimens form a transition to the next form. — indochinensis Fruhst. (= striatus Lathy nec Zink.). the 
2 ncl and 3 rd cell-stripe of the forewing also above broken up into spots, the white cell-stripe of the hindwing narrower 
than the brown-black border of the cell, the discal stripes of both wings thin. both wings for the most part 
brown-black as in the $ of lioneli, the light discal spots much more reduced than even in that form, on the other 
hand Ihe submarginal spots of the hindwing larger. Specimens of both sexes also occur in which the light discal 
stripes of the hindwing are widened and some of them at least connected with the large submarginal spots: ah. 
argentiferus. argentiferus Fruhst. ($ = serda Fruhst.). This aberration flies singly among normal indochinensis. Siam, Annam, 
mitis. Tonkin.-— - mitis subsp. nov. $: the light stripes above as strongly reduced as in indochinensis-, beneath the 
4 anterior discal spots of the forewing are small and diffuse and the costal margin of the hindwing is less grey than 
perakensis. in the preceding races. Hainan. — perakensis Fruhst. has the white markings almost as large as in indicus, but 
the costal margin of the hindwing beneath is brown. In a $ from Perak in the Tring Museum the submarginal 
xanthosoma. spots of the hindwing are confluent with the discal stripes. The $ of perake7isis is unknown. — xanthosoma Stgr. 
Abdomen yellow-brown instead of black, rarely brown-black, the under surface with two white lines, between 
which is placed a black line. The light stripes of both wings narrow. The $ similar to the East and West 
macaristus. Sumatra. — macaristus Grose-Smith (47 b). Body black with 4 white lines as in the continental forms. The 
light stripes of the wings narrow, at least one of the anterior discal spots of the forewing united into a stripe with 
the corresponding dot placed distally to the apex of the cell; the discal stripes of the hindwing very thin, 
especially beneath; the costal margin of the hindwing beneath without light stripe. $ similar to the $. North 
maccabaeus. and South Borneo. — maccabaeus Stgr. The light stripes of the forewing almost as broad as in indicus, the anterior 
discal spots oblong, usually united with the dots placed distally to the apex of the cell; the stripes of the hindwing 
likewise broader than in macaristus, the discal spots placed at the apex of the cell short and beneath shaded with 
macareus. brown, the submarginal spots small. The $ unknown. Palawan. — macareus Godt. (= striatus Zink.) (46 c, d). 
: the light stripes on the forewing broader than in indicus, on the other band the stripes and spots of the hindwing 
smaller, the costal margin of the hindwing beneath without light stripe, in which the discal stripes of the 
masformis bindwing are united with the submarginal spots are palanus Fruhst. The $ in two forms: §-f. masformis Lathy 
astina. is similar to the $, but has narrower white stripes, and $-f. astina Westw. is for the most part brown. The Tring 
Museum possesses an example of §-f. masformis from Sukabumi; the specimen described Ivy Lathy (in coll. H. J. 
albinovanus. Adams) came from Java. — albinovanus Fruhst., from Bali, is said to have even larger light stripes than macareus. 
Described from a Unknown to me in nature. 
P. xenocles. Very nearly allied to P. macareus, mostly considerably larger, the wings broader, the 
light stripes larger than in the respective macareus -races from the same districts, the hindwing always with yellow 
anal spot, which in dark $$ is sometimes only indicated. Distributed from North India to Hainan and Siam. 
The butterfly occurs at the same localities as P. macareus, in company with which it is met with; it is rather 
rare in the eastern districts of its range, on the other hand common in Burma, Assam and Sikkim. According 
to Fruhstorfer the dry-season (spring) examples have the distal border of the hindwing beneath lighter brown 
phrontis. and broader than those of the wet season (summer). — phrontis Nicer. the white discal and cell-stripes broad. 
$ similar to the <J, the discal stripes of the hindwing somewhat narrower; in a $ in the Tring Museum, from Sikkim, 
in addition the spots placed in the cell and in the apical half of the forewing are smaller than in 
the <$. The specimens (^$) in which the distal margin of the hindwing beneath is narrow and 
xenocrates. black-brown are according to Fruhstorfer the rainy-season form: f. aest. xenocrates Fruhst. Sikkim and Bhutan. 
xenocles. — xenocles Dbl. (47 a). The <$$ as the preceding; the $ on the other hand much darker, the light stripes 
being very strongly reduced; the forewing usually lighter brown basally than distally, the cell-spots thin and 
