PARELODINA; DELIAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
123 
E. primularis Btlr. (62 g) is the only species of the genus which lias both surfaces light sulphur-yellow, primularis. 
The forewing is ornamented above with a moderately broad, proximally dentate costal and distal border, more¬ 
over the hindwing has often 4—5 brown marginal spots. New Lauenburg (= Duke of York). — citrinaris Gr.-Sm. citrinaris. 
is a local form from New Pomerania (= New Britain) with uniformly broad distal margin to the forewing and 
without black subapical band on the under surface. — incisa subsp. nov. is the race from New Mecklenburg (= New incisa. 
Ireland) with proximally strongly dentate marginal band on the forewing. — primularis flies sluggishly on open 
places in the woods, where it rests on leaves of the lower bushes (Ribbe). 
E. pseudanops Btlr. (62 d). Both sexes beneath milk-white with broad, black, semicircular submarginal pseudanops. 
band, which at the anal margin extends to the base of the forewing and encloses an oblong, distally incised pearl- 
white spot. $ above black with an irregular yellow-marked band in the disc of the forewing and a large, roundish 
basal spot on the hindwing. New Caledonia, Lifu. 
4. Genus: Parelodina gen. nov. 
Differs from Elodina in the second subcostal vein of the forewing arising at the apex of the cell. Otherwise 
like Elodina, but less rich in species; it may be assumed that some of the forms treated under Elodina, which I 
have not been able to see in nature, belong here. 
P. pura Gr.-Sm. Porewing with grey-black apical spot, which proximally is only feebly dentate. Under pura. 
surface silver-white, at the base of both wings slightly suffused with yellow. Pura, Alor, Flores, Adonara. 
P. invisibilis spec. nov. One of the smallest known Pierids. Upper surface pure white, tinged with red- invisibilis. 
brown at the costa. The black apical spot is formed much as in anticyra (62 e). Under'surface of the forewing 
as in all Elodma with yellowish tinge and a roundish black, bipartite subapical spot, which in the $ is prolonged 
into a band. Underside of the hindwing in the $ light ochre-yellow. Wetter. 
P. effeminata spec. nov. Habitually somewhat smaller than pasarga (62 e), but blue-white, with a effeminata 
silky gloss, instead of dull yellowish, the anterior half of the cell densely scaled with brown-black. The black 
distal margin of the forewing more deeply dentate proximally. Under surface of the forewing only slightly yellow, 
hindwing of the $ pure white. German New Guinea, rare. 
P. anticyra spec. nov. (62 e). Under surface of the forewing and the whole upper surface of the hindwing anticyra. 
light yellowish. Forewing with narrow black costal margin and very broad black submarginal band. Roon Island 
and Mafor in Geelvink Bay. 
5. Genus: Delias Hbn. 
This genus, which is very rich in species, recalls in many respects in the shape of the wings, the colouring 
and the mode of flight, the South American Pereute. The Delias are a characteristic feature of the Indian 
fauna. They enliven the woods and their borders, as Appias and Catopsilia predominate at the river-banks, 
fly often round the tops of the forest-trees, are fond of resting on leaves and flowers (for instance on those of 
the Cinchona-tree, the Lantana) or in rarer cases speed over grassy plains in wild, irregular flight (battana in 
South Celebes). 
But most species fly slowly and quietly from flower to flower and often do not even leave the bush on 
which, frequently to the number of many hundreds, they emerged from the pupa (belisama on Java). Compara¬ 
tively few species are distributed over large tracts of country, most remain local or insular; they are inclined 
to geographical variation, even on the same island ( bromo, fruhstorferi in East Java and crithoe, moviea in West 
Java, which are so different that they were described as separate species). But they are by no means particular 
as to their place of flight and we meet with them at the seashore in mangrove thickets (from whence they often 
fly out even over the sea), on the high volcanoes of the Malayan Archipelago and in the Himalayas, where they 
are common up to 8000 ft., but also ascend to 10 and even 11,000 ft. 
The eggs are laid on the underside of leaves, often 20—-30 in parallel rows. Larva cylindrical with two 
rows of long hairs, lives on mistletoe (Loranthus longiflorus); but one species ( eucharis ) was also observed on 
Hibiscus chinensis. Pupal stage usually lasts 10 days, pupa fastened at the end of the tail, with the head up¬ 
wards, often very abundant on tree-trunks, branches and even walls. 
a. Under surface of the hindwing yellow with mostly whitish submarginal spots without red basal spot. 
D. agostina inhabits exclusively the lower spurs of the Himalayas and neighbouring ranges. Three races 
are hitherto known: agostina Hew. (54 d). upper surface white, forewing with the veins only distally broadly agostina. 
covered with black. Under surface with all the veins black. Hindwing canary-yellow with narrow white, black- 
edged distal half. §: upper surface of the forewing grey with lighter cell and discal area, a row of 5—6 white 
