180 
DELIAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
cinerascens. 
simanabum. 
chrysome- 
laena. 
clathrata. 
mira. 
eichhorni. 
sanaca. 
flavalba. 
surya. 
belladonna. 
hearseyi. 
boyleae. 
amarantha. 
ithiela. 
berinda. 
perspicua. 
zelima. 
yedanula. 
cinerascens Mitis (54 e) is a rare local form from the Kina Balu in North Borneo. Upper surface of the G<S white 
with slight grey apical shade. $ broadly margined with black, with grey base to the forewing and yellowish discal 
area on the hindwing. The under surface of the $$ is always somewhat darker than in the figured. — simanabum 
Hagen, from the tableland of Sumatra, is the poorest in colour and markings, nevertheless the most specialised 
local form of orphne, with yellowish white upper surface, white under surface to the forewing, which only bears 2 
yellowish apical spots, and pale yellow under surface to the hindwing, on which vestiges of the black apical spots 
in the middle of the wing still remain. Only 1 $ known. 
D. chrysomelaena Voll. (55 b), from Batjan, where it is rather rare, has above only a slight black tinge 
at the apex of the forewing and the distal margin of the hindwing. The under surface is characterised by broad 
yellow areas on a black ground. 
D. clathrata R. <£■ J. (56 e). $ above white, forewing, especially in the apical region, very broadly, 
hindwiflg narrowly margined with black. In the $ the black area extends beyond the cell-wall of the forewing. 
British New Guinea. 
D. mira R. & J., a very rare species, somewhat larger than the preceding, in the only a small basal 
area on the otherwise black upper surface remains grey-white, whilst the hindwing on the contrary is only black 
in the distal third. Under surface similar to that of clathrata, but the white basal area only extends into the cell, 
the subapical band is much more extended, the hindwing bears only a black discal spot, its anterior part is shaded 
with brown and only the extreme anal region remains white. The ^ has a more extended white basal region on 
the forewing and is ornamented on the latter with 6 submarginal spots. Flies in May. Only 1 pair known. 
D. eichhorni R. & J., from the same district, above marked somewhat like cuningputi. U : under surface 
of the forewing orange-yellow with isolated black dot at the apex of the cell and uniform black distal margin, rela¬ 
tively narrow, with 4 white subapical spots. Hindwing predominantly black with peculiarly angled white discal 
part, white basal spot and 6 large hexagonal submarginal patches. British New Guinea. 
D. belladonna. A widely distributed species, principally inhabiting the mountains, which by its size 
always attracts the attention of travellers, consequently more is known of its habits than of those of any other 
Delias, although we known nothing at all as yet concerning the earlier stages. In the Indian empire 5 local races 
may be distinguished: sanaca Moore from the western Himalayas as the lightest, forewing sometimes even with 
white cell (= forma flavalba Marsh.), hindwing mostly white with light yellow tinge at the inner margin. Even 
the darkest specimens bear on the hindwing beneath still broader white bands than even perspicua. sanaca appears 
in the early summer, is local, but common in certain places. The butterflies fly sometimes like swallows or 
chase each other, are fond of circling round the tops of trees, on which they settle. Their scent somewhat 
resembles that of certain pears. In May and June they were observed in Mussouri at elevations 
of from 5—8500 ft., both the darkest and lightest specimens at the same place in one morning at 
open spaces in the midst of oak-woods. — As form surya Mitis an aberration with orange-coloured patches on 
the hindwing has been described; and belladonna F. (= horsfieldi Gray ) is the name given to specimens of medium 
size with a row of small white discal patches on the forewing and much larger quadrate spots on the hindwing. 
Nepal, parts of the western Himalayas and Sikkim. Chance aberrations with red instead of yellow stripes on 
the hindwing have been named hearseyi Btlr., boyleae Btlr. and those with orange-coloured spots amarantha 
Mitis. — The name ithiela Btlr. is best restricted to the dark Sikkim race, which only varies moderately in the 
larger or smaller extent of the white discal spots and the grey or yellowish inner margin of the hindwing, ithiela 
is extremely common in Sikkim from May to August in the hot parts from 2—4000 ft., where it flies slowly at 
the banks of rivers, often resting on moist sand-banks. — I separate here as berinda Moore the well defined, darkest 
Indian race, which I received in great numbers from Assam. 1 possess from Assam only UU with grey, or even 
deep-black inner margin to the hindwing above. Also the under surface of the hindwing is more melanotically 
coloured, the white discal spots, especially the yellow submarginal patches, being always much smaller. $ above 
almost entirely black (typical berinda), but even the rare $$ with somewhat more white markings have always 
still smaller spots on the underside of the hindwing than Sikkim According to Elwes the habits of berinda 
are entirely different from those of ithiela. They fly in Assam at 4—6500 ft. on sunny days round the tops of 
trees, only making short excursions into the surrounding open country, to return again to the shelter of the woods. 
The butterflies are not shy, have a slow and graceful flight and rest on Evonymus and scabious flowers. — In 
Burma, thanks to the drier climate, we again meet with a very light form, which earlier authors consequently 
determined as sanaca Moore, the size of which approaches that of the Chinese patrua Leech, = perspicua subsp. 
nov. (56 a). <$ with more extended yellow border at the inner margin and larger white discal spots on the hind¬ 
wing, which, however, are never so extended as in sanaca. $ with white-dusted cell to the hindwing. Upper 
Burma. — patrua Leech (see vol. I, 19 c) is the oldest name for the most variable of the known Delias. As a 
lighter form, broadly striped with white, lativitta Leech (vol. I, 19 d) may be placed next to it. — Besides these 
forms which are indigenous to China only, there also occur in China analogies to the Indian varieties of belladonna, 
of which the one most resembling perspicua has been called zelima Mitis. — adelma Mitis (vol. I, 19 c) is a dark 
race, whilst subnubila Leech forms a transition to lativitta. — I give the name yedanula subsp. nov. to a hitherto 
