134 
DELIAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
keeps to the mangrove thickets at the shore. : forewing almost without grey strigae, with strongly darkened, 
blue-grey median spot. $ darker than that of parthenope, with dark instead of pale yellow under surface to the 
grisea. forewing. —- In grisea Fruhst. (56 c), from Nias, the melanotic differentiation has progressed furthest. The 
grey median spots of the forewing reduced to a narrow band at the submedian, hindwing without a trace of yellow, 
$ with the upperside of the hindwing entirely brawn-black and beneath with the yellow interneural areas restricted 
pandecta. by the widened black veins. — pandecta Stgr. is a similar race, but the $ has still traces of a yellow 7 median band 
on the forewing and in the the inner margin of the hindwing above is broadly spotted with yellow. Palawan, 
North Borneo (?). 
pandemia. D. pandemia Wall. (56 b), an interesting transitional form, which connects aglaia with egialea by the 
intensively dark canary-yellow anal spot on the hindwing, which in the $ enters the cell. The <$<$ with blue-grey 
strigae on the forewing as in aglaia. North Borneo, Palawan. 
thysbe. D. thysbe. Distinguished by the fact that the under surface also bears a broad, intensively red basal 
spot. Cramer’s subspecies thysbe is described from China and probably also just this form occurs in Tonkin. But 
pyramus. the form best known as one of the commonest Himalayan butterflies is pyramus Wall. (56 a), distributed from 
Nepal to Burma and the Malay Peninsula. In the deeper valleys in Sikkim the species is common from April 
to December and has even been observed in Burma at an elevation of about 1000 m. The $ is similar to that 
of alluviorum, it has, however, also grey in the cell of the forewing, but the hindwing less tinged with yellow 7 . — 
kandha. kandha Doll., taken at 3—-8500 ft. in the Madras Presidency of South India, is distinguished by a pale yellow 7 
subbasal part on the upper surface and lighter and more lemon instead of ochre-yellow colour on the underside 
of the hindwing. 
ninus. D. ninus Wall. Smaller than pyramus with blue-grey instead of black colour on the upper surface and 
alluviorum. narrowed, black subbasal band on the hindwing beneath. Malay Peninsula. — alluviorum Frulist. (56 a), some¬ 
what larger with more extended red basal spot and much broader black subbasal band on the hindwing beneath. 
parthenia. Sumatra. — parthenia Stgr., a distinct island race with broader black margins to both wings and light yellow 
discal region on the hindwing. Bare on the Kina Balu, North Borneo. 
D. crithoe, an ornament of the Javan timber-forests, which w 7 e meet with everywhere where there are 
plantations at elevations of over 4000 ft. The butterflies are especially attracted by the flowers of Cinchona 
ledgeriana, at which they feed, hanging on them with the wings closed, and are commonly found in company 
with Prioneris autothisbe, which is similarly coloured beneath, a striking sight, as the yellow and red hindwing 
bromo. stands out so sharply against the dark green of its surroundings. We have to enumerate five local races: bromo 
Fruhst. (= dymas Nicev.) (56 c), from East .Java, where it is principally found on the volcano Bromo and in 
crithoe. the Tengger Mountains. — crithoe Bdv., from West Java, with darker forewing, which in the principal form 
has only a slight blue-grey discal dusting, hindwing in both sexes much more broadly margined with black. Very 
fastosa. variable, no two specimens are identical. — fastosa form. nov. has in the $ a broad grey-blue transverse band 
recalling henningia, which extends from the costal margin through the cell and terminates at the median of the 
funesta. hindwing. — funesta form, nov., with the forewing in both sexes entirely black without grey discal dusting. I found 
this form on the plateau of Pengalengang, 4000 ft. high, at that time still covered with dense v 7 oods, in the interior 
cliryscndeta. of the Preanger Residency of West Java. — chrysendeta subsp. nov., with narrower black distal margin than 
bromo and with the hindwing tinged with darker orange-colour. Mount Haruhasa on Sumbawa. In coll. Ober- 
lobahana. thur. —tobahana Rogenh. (= derceto Nicev). Larger than crithoe, the red basal spot of the hindwing not showing 
villia. through above. Discovered at Lake Toba, North-East Sumatra. — villia subsp. nov. (56 a), a local race from 
the Padang Bovenlanden in West Sumatra, with pure white instead of yellowish subanal region on the hindwing, 
which is distally densely powdered with blackish, and more sharply defined white crescents on the forewing. 
egialea. D. egialea Cr. (56 b), a species showing striking sexual dimorphism, very local on Java, on the other 
hand abundant in the dry season on the island of Bawean. Under surface of the forewing of the with very 
broad, almost pure white median area, which in the is dark yellow. Is also recorded from Banka, Billiton 
and Sumatra by Vollenhoven. Larva chestnut-brown with darker head and first segment, and with a yellow 
transverse band on the following segments, which are adorned with some long yellow hairs. 
henningia. D. henningia Ersch. (56 b), a very variable species. above with broad blue proximal half to the forewing 
and large, blue-grey costal area on the hindwing. Forewing without grey subapical strigae. J beneath with 
2 subbasal yellow patches in and above the cell and relatively large spot at the apex of the cell. An accidental 
01 tanner a or seasonal form with darker orange spots has been described by Butler as ochreopicta. Luzon. — hemera subsp. nov. 
is a darkened island race, probably from Mindoro, with black basal area on the forewing above, almost without 
the blue-grey tinge at the costa and with smaller, dark orange-coloured anal spot on the hindwing. Under surface: 
white median of the forewing narrower; hindwing: red basal spot shorter, all the black markings extended, the 
yellow patches beyond the cell reduced to minute dots. The orange-coloured submarginal region strongly nar- 
