136 
PRIONERIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
marginal spots on the underside of both wings and also in the rainy-season-form with light sulphur-yellow under 
malaccana. surface to the hindwing. Siam, Tenasserim, Tonkin, Annam. — malaccana Fruhst. (57 b), a smaller, strongly 
darkened local form from the Malay Peninsula, in which, however, the cell of the hindwing beneath is only 
quite narrowly bordered with black. Of the $ only one specimen in Oberthur’s collection is known, smaller than 
seta-Q from Sikkim; hindwing with very narrow black distal margin, otherwise almost entirely orange-coloured. — 
hainanensis. hainanensis subsp. nov. is in size a still less developed island race with lighter yellow hindwing in the rainy-season- 
mamilia. form also, mamilia form, nov., the dry-season-form of the preceding, in contrast to Sikkim specimens, has also 
formosnna. in the the cell of the forewing beneath entirely tinged with black. Hainan. —- formosana Fruhst. Upper surface 
yellowish instead of white, the black markings of the forewing reduced, hence the subapical spots extended. 
Under surface: apex of the forewing more broadly suffused with greenish yellow. Hindwing with much larger 
light canary-yellow spots than in Indian thestylis. Formosa, at elevations of 4000 ft. at Lake Lehiku and near 
Chip-chip, in June-July very common. 
cornelia. P. Cornelia Vollenh. (57 d), belonging to the thestijlis-grou]) on account of the absence of the red basal 
spot on the underside of the hindwing, is a mountain species. The veins on the under surface are finely edged 
with grey; hindwing dark yellow with grey costal and rarely also median antemarginal spots, without any white 
postdiscal tinge. North Borneo. 
sit a. P. sita Fldr. iYbove white with black veins, beneath very similar to Delias eucharis, but with quadrate 
instead of roundish red submarginal spots on the hindwing beneath and yellow instead of white apex to the forewing. 
sita flies always in company with eucharis, of which it is considered a mimic, rests just like the latter on the red 
flowers of the Lantana with closed wings, but may be distinguished by the more jerky, rapid flight. $ similar 
to the only with black transverse lines between the veins of the hindwing. Ceylon, South India, ascending 
to 5000 ft., rare. Flies in January. Larva on Capparis tenera according to Bell and Green. 
autothisbe. With P. autothisbe Hbn. begins the series of species with red basal spot on the hindwing beneath. Two 
forms of the $ occur, one with almost entirely black forewing and the other with 3 large whitish discal patches 
orienUiUs on ^ ie f° rew ihg: albiplaga form. nov. (57 c). West Java. — orientalis Fruhst. (57 c) is a smaller race with nar¬ 
rower black border, especially on the hindwing, and as a rule with the apical part of the forewing more plentifully 
dotted with white. The under surface of the hindwing is lighter yellow, the black submarginal bands weaker. 
albifera. Specimens also occur with entirely white under surface (albifera form, nov.) and more commonly examples with 
mucida. the upper surface of the hindwing completely dusted with grey-brown even in the cell (rnucida form. nov.). The 
latter form occurs also in West Java, but there, in accordance with the darker general colouring of typical 
autothisbe, this dusting is almost deep black and is interrupted by large yellow and grey submarginal spots. — 
autoth isbe is a mountain species, which inhabits exclusively altitudes of between 4000 and 6000 ft., but is distributed 
over the whole island. I observed these Prioneris most commonly on the Tengger Mountains, at the volcano 
Gede and near Bandong, where they visit the sweet-scented flowers of the Cinchona (Peruvian bark) trees, always 
in company with the similarly coloured Delias crithoe, and fly all the year round. They are apparently most 
abundant in the months of June and July, during the dry season, when these companions can occasionally be 
surprised drinking at moist places. 
hypsipyle. P. hypsipyle Weym. (67 c) differs from the preceding in the entirely black under surface of the forewing 
and the absence of the red cell-spot on the hindwing. The very rare $ is very similar to the <$, with only slightly 
broader black margins to the roundish wings. Mountains and highlands above 4000 ft. Sumatra, on damp river- 
banks sometimes in hundreds. 
philonome. P. philonome Bdv. (57 a), with white under surface to the forewing and light-yellow tinted hindwing, 
which is traversed by a relatively broad black submarginal band. Only known from East Java, where I met with 
it near Lawang at about 2000 ft.; it is not very rare, especially in April, and is fond of visiting flowers at the 
edges of fields and roads. Of the $$ 1 found 3 forms: similar to the U> with yellowish white upper surface to 
lierennica. both wings, another with greenish yellow upper surface (form, herennica) and a very rare form with blue-white 
lactaria. upperside (= lactaria form. nov.). Of the a form with white instead of yellow basal part and white cell on 
nivescens. the hindwing deserves mention (= nivescens form. non.). 
vollenhovi. P. vollenhovi Wall. (57 d). Apex of the forewing more pointed than in the preceding; distal border 
of the upper surface more broken up. Hindwing dark yellow with black anal tinge and white spots round the 
cell on the under surface. Only known from Borneo, where it replaces philonome. 
clemanthe. P. clemanthe Dbl. (57 b, d), beneath with chrome-yellow hindwing, which anally is somewhat darker. 
Under surface of the forewing in the £ black, that of the hindwing entirely yellow, whilst the UU have a white 
distal margin. Bare in Sikkim, common in Assam; a frequenter of flowers, fond of the open country and 
