138 
BALTIA; APORIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
picata. 
micronesia. 
vitiensis. 
Clarissa. 
lutleri. 
shard. 
sikkima. 
soracta. 
deni grata. 
balucha. 
swiftly, often rest on flowers, and gather together for large migrations across the sea. — picata Btlr. (63 e) is 
a race which is chiefly white also beneath, with thin black bands and vein-stripes on the under surface; Bis¬ 
marck Archipelago. — micronesia Fruhst. (63 e) is the subspecies from the Fiji Islands which is adorned with 
dark orange-coloured submarginal spots beneath; of this vitiensis Fruhst., analagous to peristhene, represents 
the darkest seasonal form and Clarissa Btlr. an aberration corresponding to nisea, with handsome light yellow 
submarginal-patches on the hindwing beneath. 
8. Genus: Half ill Moore. 
In the short, club-shaped antennae the few species of this genus approximate to Synchloe and Eucliloe; 
the course of the subcostal veins associates it with Huphina, but the genus is completely isolated through the 
absence of the middle disco'cellular. The radial veins arise from the subcostal. Baltici approaches Aporia in 
the shape of the scales, which are roundish, broader than long. All the species are high-alpine and inhabit alti¬ 
tudes of 4500—5500 m., which are already destitute of all vegetation. There they fly near the ground, except 
when they play in the sun or run with half-opened wings over the sandy soil, thus sometimes traversing long 
distances and, if disturbed, quickly hiding among the inequalities of the ground. 
B. butleri Moore (vol. I, '23 b). $ beneath with fine brown longitudinal stripes at both sides of the veins. 
Ladak, Kashmir, Karakorum, at altitudes of 15—18000 ft. 
B. shawi Bates (vol. I, 23 b). Rarer than the preceding, under surface of the hindwing grey-violet 
with black vein-stripes. North-West Himalayas, Kashmir, Karakorum. 
B. sikkima Fruhst. (50 e). Differs from the preceding species in the submarginal band, which also in the <$ 
traverses the entire forewing and is continued on the hindwing. Under surface brighter than in the other known 
species; apex of the forewing and the whole hindwing traversed by long yellow stripes; cell likewise yellow instead 
of white. Kamba-jong (South Tibet), at the border of Sikkim, reported from elevations of 12—16000 ft. 
9. Genus: Aporia Hbn. 
The typical representatives of this genus do not differ essentially in neuration from Pieris s. sir., never¬ 
theless their habitus is entirely different. The membrane of the wing is stiffer, resembling paper; in the $$ the 
scales are partly absent, leaving transparent places, and the flight is altogether distinct from that of the other 
Pierids, more resembling that of the Parnassiids. That is to say, whilst the other Pierids move forwards by 
striking the wings up and down, Aporia commonly holds the wings stiff and immoveable, using them like a 
parachute. The position of the second subcostal vein varies somewhat; it often arises from the upper angle of 
the cell, or at a short distance before the angle. The untenable genus Metaporia has been based on the latter 
character. If, however, this is allowed to stand, then the genus Aporia only conta’ns 2 species ( crataegi and 
soracta), all the others, as w r ell as hippia for instance among the Palaearctics, must be united with Metaporia. 
Here, however, no importance is attached to this criterion and all the species are regarded as belonging to the 
homogeneous genus Aporia. In any case Aporia represents phylogenetically a very old stirps, a sort of connecting 
link between the Pierids and the Parnassiids. With the latter they have in common the short palpi and the cir¬ 
cular scales of the costal region. The Asiatic species, with the exception of agathon, only vary moderately, and 
are almost exclusively inhabitants of high alpine regions, being often very abundant locally, but in the large 
majority of cases are among the rarer species. 
The larvae live gregariously under a fine web on Prunaceae and Rubiaceae, are usually of a green 
or red-brown colour and adorned with fine, soft hairs. 
A. soracta. Occurs in the West Himalayas sometimes in great abundance, but only for a short time, 
in April and May, never frequents gardens or open country, but only the edges of woods, 6—9000 ft. is its favourite 
zone, but in Kashmir it also ascends to 14000 ft. The elongate brown larva ornamented with fine, soft hairs; 
pupa with obtuse horn on the head, a thoracic and an abdominal protuberance, white covered with black dots. 
On Berberis lycium. Two local races deserve mention: soracta Moore (vol. I, 18 a), with broad black subapical 
and cell-band on the forewing, from Mussourie; — and denigrata subsp. nov., forewing almost pure white, 
either without or with only very weak black lines. Punjaub, North-West Provinces. 
A. balucha Marsh. (= sorex Gr.-Srn., leechi Moore). Local form of leucodice Eversm. (vol.. I, 19 a), 
from Turkestan, from which it differs in the broader black bands on both wings and the distinct orange-coloured 
stripes at the costal margin and the darker yellow under surface of the hindwing. Baluchistan. 
A. nabellica Bdv. (vol. I, 19 h) is an interesting Pierid, above black, on the underside of the hindwing 
dark yellow. I have it from Mardan in the North-West Provinces and it is also known from Kashmir and Kunawur, 
