SYNCHLOE; HUPHINA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 141 
of evolution. The egg is acorn-shaped. Larva and pupa described in the Palaearctic part (vol. I, p. 49). 
Only two species in India. 
P. daplidice L., of which the local race moorei Rob. (73 a) inhabits Tibet, Kashmir and Baluchistan, moorei. 
A village butterfly, occurring commonly in those artificially watered oases of the Indian sterile mountain-valleys 
in which buckwheat, oats and millet are cultivated at elevations of about 3000 m. — praeclara Fruhst. is a much praeclara. 
larger race from South-West China.— nubicoia Fruhst. is a small, dark mountain form from Kashgar, — and 
aridia Fruhst., a strikingly black race, spotted with light green, from Shantung, North China, which is also known 
from Shanghai. 
P. glauconome Klug (— vipasa Moore ) (vol. I, pi. 20 f) I should regard as a local race of the preceding glauconome. 
if the larva and pupa were not described as different. Occurs- in Afghanistan and the Punjaub on rocky, 
uncultivated slopes of the mountain valleys, where its food-plant grows. 
lo. Genus: Synch toe Hbn. 
According to Scudder we must regard as type of this genus belemia, which is dealt with in detail in vol. 
I, p. 51 (as Euchloe). The genus is very nearly allied to Hubner’s Euchloe (= Anthocharis auct.). In some 
species the fourth subcostal vein of the forewing is present; but it may also be absent and has probably, as in 
Pontia, been moved to beyond the margin of the wing. 
S. lucilla Btlr. Upper surface lemon-yellow. Porewing with a black transverse spot at the apex of the lucilia. 
cell, apical area edged with black. Hindwing unspotted. Under surface pale yellow, costal margin ornamented 
with white dots. Hindwing black-scaled, with white costal spots and a white spot at the apex of the cell. $ some¬ 
what larger with more extended black markings. Punjaub; is rarely brought to Europe.. 
S. belia L. (vol. I, 22 a) is represented in this region by daphalis Moore, a race with very fine greenish daphalis. 
yellow reticulate markings on a white ground and the apex of the forewing beneath suffused with brownish. Occurs 
from Chitral to Kashmir. 
S. chloridice Hbn. (vol. I, 20 f), distributed through the whole o,f Asia, extends from Baluchistan ehloridiee. 
to Ladak, also occurring in the Indian region; inhabits altitudes of 15—17,000 ft. 
14. Genus: Hui>lii 11 a Moore. 
Costal of the forewing somewhat more curved than in Appias, hence the wing more rounded, cell broader 
and shorter than in true Pieris and Delias. The tufts of hair in the on the last abdominal tergite are wanting. 
The colour of Huphina is always duller than in Appias; patches with mother-of-pearl or silky gloss never 
occur in them. Most of the species are white above with grey or black stripes and margins, only a few species 
are bright yellow or orange-colour on the under surface; on the other hand all nuances occur, from white to black, 
from yellow to red, not rarely green or yellow-green, and some species rival by their varied under surface the 
most brilliantly coloured Delias. All prefer the hot lowlands, although some species occur up to 5000 ft. at 
suitable places in the mountains. Like Appias they are fond of feeding at moist and dirty places and congregating 
in large crowds. They are unwearied fliers, but mostly move slowly, only the species of the Zea-group darting 
through the air with great rapidity during the hot hours of the day. All show a tendency to local variation, 
are very susceptible to climatic influences, but less inclined to individual aberrations than Appias. Many species, 
however, are sexually dimorphic. 
Larva on Capparideae, elongate, anal segment slightly bipartite, white-haired, mostly green. — Pupa 
with pointed head, thorax laterally and dorsally angled and raised, abdomen slightly ribbed, the last segments 
with small dorsal points. 
H. nerissa is the longest known and most widely distributed species. The name-typical subspecies 
nerissa F. (= amasene Cr.) (64 b China; 64 c, d, e, 63 b Tonkin) is always larger than continental nerissa. 
Indian specimens. Cramer has figured the rainy-season-form as coronis. — For the North Indian local form it coronis. 
is best to employ the name phryne F. (64 a, b). copia Wall., described from Bengal, is regarded as the name ^opia^ 
for its dry-season-form. — dapha Moore (64 a) is a local form from Tenasserim, Burma and Siam, distinguishable dapha. 
by the greenish tint of the cell of the forewing and yellowish basal spot of the hindwing beneath, of which 
dapha itself constitutes an extreme dry-season-form with grey instead of yellow stripes beneath, while the rainy- 
season-form has as yet no name. — In South India and in Ceylon a very marked local race is developed: evagete Cr., evagete. 
the rainy-season-form, and zeuxippe Cr. (64 a, b), its dry-season-form. The $$ of this local race commonly zeuxippe. 
bear yellow-red submarginal spots on the forewing, such as are never found in North Indian phryne. — cibyra cibyra. 
