HUPHINA. By II. Fruhstorfer. 
143 
andersoni Dist. (65 c) is beneath so different that it can only be recognised as belonging to nadina by the yellow- 
green dusting at the apex of the forewing; the hindwing is light orange-colour with a beautiful yellow longitudinal 
spot which extends beyond the cell. Malay Peninsula, apparently very rare. — eunama Fruhst. (65 c), above 
of a milky instead of yellowish white ground-colour, beneath with light moss-green tinge, without yellowish 
admixture. Formosa, ascending to 4000 ft., common. 
H. perimale must be accepted as the oldest name for a widely distributed, extremely variable 
species, the forms of which are figured in the three lower rows of plate 65. There are nearly 30 island races known, 
a remarkable instance of the wide severance which is effected by a few knots of salt water of the ocean which 
isolates butterflies whilst uniting peoples. The butterflies, so far as is known, always live near the coast, where 
they are fond of visiting flowers not very high above the ground and when startled hide in the eucalyptus and 
thorn bushes with which the small Sunda Islands are so luxuriantly overgrown. God.art in 1819 described 
a 'perimale-ra.ce as Pieris pitys from Java. Two decades later (1836) Boisduval transferred the locality of this 
to Timor and mentions a ,,P. racheV ‘ from Java. Although I have not myself found it there, its occurrence on 
Java is not improbable, so much the more as I have received it in large numbers from Bawean. As Godart’s 
description agrees very well with a form from Timor, we begin here with rachel Bdv., from Java.’— aeliana ™^ r f YW 
Fruhst. (65 d), from Bawean, doubtless nearly approximates to it. The $ beneath has the cell and two median 
areas light yellow, but both sides of the submedian pure white; base dusted over with greenish; the subapical 
spots, white on the upper surface, a beautiful yellow, varying in number from 2 to 5. Hindwing a beautiful light 
yellow. Distal margin moderately broad, more extended than above, with the yellow dot also mentioned by 
Boisduval in rachel between the radial veins. under surface of the forewing white also in the cell, hindwing 
light ochre-yellow. Flies in July-September. ■— aelia Fruhst. is a larger race, still more broadly margined with aelia. 
black above, with two yellowish white subapical patches. Under surface as in aeliana, but more broadly margined 
with black-brown. Island of Kangean. — mentes Wall, has in the $ above the white basal area of the forewing mentes. 
already somewhat darkened by dense black scaling; the $ differs from aeliana in the broader distal margin and 
the presence of only two subapical patches. Under surface: forewing of the $ greenish yellow, hindwing dark 
lemon-yellow, $ light ochre-yellow. Lombok, only taken near the coast. — synchroma Rob. has somewhat synchroma. 
narrower black distal margin, moreover the underside of the forewing is again white posteriorly; Flores, Alor, 
Lomblen. — In lucia Fruhst. (65 e) the upper surface of the $ is often powdered over with grey-brown almost lucia. 
throughout and the whole of the cell of the forewing becomes black-brown. Beneath the distal margin extends 
proximally beyond the edge of the cell. Sumbawa. —- pitys Godt., from Timor, differs according to the figure pitys. 
from all the preceding in the uniform yellow tinge of the under surface and in the equally broad black distal 
margin of both wings above and beneath. — wetterensis Gr.-Sm. is the rainy-season-form, and ellina form. nov. (65 e) 
the dry-season-form, from the island of Wetter. The under surface of the forewing in both is white; that of the 
hindwing a beautiful yellow in the wet season form, earth-coloured in that of the dry period. Often the apex 
of the forewing beneath is also suffused with grey and in both the <$£ and $$ of the intermediate form the 
distal band of the hindwing begins to be broken up or to assume a grey-brown colour. — pygmaea Rob. is pygmaea. 
a dwarf form from the island of Letti, from which babberica Fruhst. differs by a somewhat broader black babberica. 
marginal band; island of Babber. — pityna Fruhst. is another dwarf form with the most broadly diffuse black pityna. 
border to both wings; island of Dammer. — kuehni Rob. inhabits the remote island of Kabia, south of Celebes; kuehni. 
it has the narrowest black distal margin and the lightest yellow under surface to the hindwing of all the known 
races. The border of the forewing is more deeply emarginate and before the apex are placed three yellow patches, 
whilst in pityna these are usually entirely absent. — consanguinea Btlr. is above marked exactly like bolana, 
except that the apical spot is reduced; Tenimber. — bolana Fruhst. (65 f) forms by its size a transition from the bolana. 
dwarf forms of Micromalayana to the more imposing races of the Papuan region. The subapical spots of the fore¬ 
wing beneath very large, beautiful yellow, as well as the upper surface of the hindwing of the that of the $ 
light ochre-yellow. Key Islands. — perictione Fldr. is nearly allied, with the black distal band on both wings perictione. 
more deeply excised proximally. Underside of the hindwing in the <$<$ light ochre-yellow, tinged with orange 
in places. Aru. — wallaceana Fldr. is unknown to me in nature. The underside of the hindwing is said to be ivallaceana. 
saffron-yellow, the distal margin with violet sheen; Waigeu. ■— dohertyana Gr.-Sm., similar to the figured mitlira dohertyana. 
except that the black marginal band is straighter, and the $ is still more intensively tinted with greenish; Dutch 
and German New Guinea. — latilimbata Btlr. (= hartei Ribbe) has a narrower and still more sharply defined latilimbata. 
black distal margin to both wings. Under surface of the hindwing in the Gtf light-yellow. British New Guinea. ■—- 
mithra Fruhst. (65 e) has in the white, in the $ yellow subapical dots on the forewing. Underside of the hind- mithra. 
wing in the dark yellow, that of the $$ orange-yellow; the black distal margin broader than in New Guinea 
specimens; Fergusson Island. — chrysopis subsp. nov. approximates to mithra, but is of smaller size, $ above chrysopis. 
entirely white, distal border straighter, $ almost without subapical dots. Under surface also in the $ lemon- 
yellow, hindwing with a yellow dot between the radial veins; Mefor..— leucophorus Gr.-Sm. (65 d) has beneath leucophorus. 
on the forewing three yellow and three white submarginal spots and 2—3 on the very narrow distal border 
of the hindwing. Kiriwina.— smithi Btlr. (= pallida and pallescens Gr.-Sm.) very closely approaches it; it smithi. 
I bears four white oblong patches in the distal band of the hindwing. Biak Island in Geelvink Bay. — Oberthur 
mentions a race from the neighbourhood of Yule Island, in which the $ is sulphur-yellow beneath. This form 
